Colombian Goddess Manor Coffee Flavor taste introduction to the characteristics of boutique coffee beans in the manor area

In 1823, Bolivar, at the request of the Peruvian patriots and with the approval of Congress, led Colombia troops into Peru to fight Spanish colonial forces.

In 1824, Colombia and Peru allied forces defeated the Spanish colonial army and Peru gained independence. During Bolivar's war in Peru, Santander acted as president and presided over Colombia's government affairs. Santander advocated the establishment of a federal regime and united local forces to oppose Bolivarian unity. Factional struggles within Colombia's Congress and government have become increasingly acute.

In April 1826, the Venezuelan local rulers headed by Pais and those opposed to the new Granada rulers headed by Santander demanded the establishment of a separate state. After Bolivarian mediation, separatist activities were temporarily stopped, but internal contradictions and factional struggles persisted.

May 8, 1828 Colombia's National Assembly convenes in Ocaña. Bolívar led by the centralized faction with Santander as the representative of the Federation faction in the meeting sharp conflict occurred. After that, the tendency to split in various places became more and more obvious.

In November 1829, Venezuela issued a statement withdrawing from the Great Republic of Colombia.

In January 1830 Bolívar resigned as president in Congress in an attempt to resolve differences and preserve national unity, but to no avail. On May 31, Quito announced its withdrawal from Colombia and established the Republic of Ecuador. Bolívar died on December 17, and Colombia disintegrated. In 1831, the territories of Colombia and Panama were renamed the Republic of New Granada.

Republic

From 1832 to 1837, F. de P. Santander was the first president of the Republic and exercised the Caudillo dictatorship (see Caudillo Doctrine). Later, the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party (see Colombia Conservative Party, Colombia Liberal Party) competed for power, civil wars were frequent, and the political situation was unstable for a long time. During the Liberals 'rule from 1849 to 1884 (including the Conservatives' from 1857 to 1860), several reforms were carried out: abolition of slavery and government monopoly; abolition of clerical privileges and confiscation of church property; constitution, separation of church and state, proclamation of freedom of religion, speech, and the press. In 1856 Colombia was renamed the Confederation of Granada, and in 1863 the United States of Colombia.

In the 1884 general election, a split in the Liberal Party created a chance for conservative candidate R. Nunez to be elected president. In order to consolidate the dictatorship of the big landlords and restore the power of the Catholic Church, the Conservative government formulated a constitution in 1886, declared Catholicism as the state religion, strengthened the power of the president, and changed the name to the Republic of Colombia. The Conservatives persecuted dissidents and suppressed the masses. From 1899 to 1902, the so-called "Thousand Days War" broke out between the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party, and the national economy was seriously damaged.

Colombia coffee varieties are mainly small coffee. Plants are small trees or large shrubs, 5-8 meters high, usually multi-branched at the base; old branches are gray, nodes expand, young branches glabrous, compressed. Leaves thinly leathery, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 6-14 cm long, 3.5-5 cm wide, apex long acuminate, acuminate 10-15 mm long, base cuneate or slightly obtuse, rarely rounded, entire or shallowly undulate, glabrous on both surfaces, with or without pits in axils of lower veins; midvein raised on both surfaces of leaf blade, lateral veins 7-13 on each side; petiole 8-15 mm long; Stipules broadly triangular, born at the top of the young branches conical long pointed or awned tip, born at the top of the old branches are often pointed, long 3-6 mm. Cymes several clustered in leaf axils, each inflorescence 2-5 flowers, without pedicel or with very short pedicel; flowers aromatic, pedicels 0.5-1 mm long; bracts more or less united at base, dimorphic, 2 broadly triangular, nearly equal in length and width, 2 lanceolate, 2 times as wide, foliaceous; calyx tubular, 2.5-3 mm long, calyx limb truncated or 5 denticulate; Corolla white, length varies with species, generally 10-18 mm long, apically often 5-lobed, rarely 4-or 6-lobed, lobes often longer than corolla tube, apically often obtuse; anthers protruding beyond corolla tube, 6-8 mm long; styles 12-14 mm long, stigmas 2-lobed, 3-4 mm long. Berry broadly elliptic when ripe, red, 12-16 mm long, 10-12 mm in diam., exocarp dural, mesocarp fleshy, sweet; seeds raised abaxially, ventral plane, longitudinally grooved, 8-10 mm long, 5-7 mm in diam. The flowers bloom from March to April. [2]

Growing environment editor

Colombia's favourable climate provides coffee with a true "natural pasture". Coffee trees in Colombia are mainly cultivated in the Andes mountains, on steep slopes up to 1,300 meters above sea level, where the annual temperature is about 18 degrees Celsius, the annual rainfall is 2000 to 3000 mm, the north latitude is 1 °-11 ° 15, the west longitude is 72 ° -78 °, and the specific altitude range can exceed 2.000 meters. By a particular combination of various factors, latitude, altitude, soil, plant origin of species and variety of coffee making in coffee growing areas of Colombia, climate in coffee growing areas and rain patterns resulting from dual paths of tropical convergence, changing topography throughout the day, luminosity, favorable temperature ranges throughout the year, distribution of moderate and rainwater, and some common cultural practices including selective harvesting and transformation processes, including washing and drying. Very suitable for coffee growth, mild climate, humid air, and can be harvested regardless of season. That's why Colombia coffee is so good. Colombia has three Cordillera mountains running north-south, right into the Andes. Coffee is grown along the highlands of these mountains. The terraces provide a diverse climate, with harvest seasons throughout the year and different types of coffee maturing at different times. And fortunately, unlike Brazil, Colombia doesn't have to worry about frost damage. Colombia has approximately 2.7 billion recorded coffee trees, 66 per cent of which are grown on modern plantations and the rest on small, traditionally managed farms