Indonesian Coffee Flavor and Taste characteristics Fine Coffee beans introduction to Kahayang Gan Manor

Indonesia is located in southeastern Asia, crossing the equator, bordering Papua New Guinea, East Timor and Malaysia, and facing Thailand, Singapore, the Philippines, Australia and other countries.

Indonesia crosses the equator (12 °S-7 °N), and more than 70% of its territory is located in the southern hemisphere, so it is the largest country in the southern hemisphere of Asia (Timor-Leste is also a southern hemisphere country). With longitudes ranging from 96 °E to 140 °E and more than 5500 km from east to west, it is the most extensive Asian country except China. [7]

Region

Indonesia is the largest archipelago country in the world, consisting of about 17508 large and small islands between the Pacific and Indian oceans. The land area is about 1.904 million square kilometers and the marine area is about 3.166 million square kilometers (excluding the exclusive economic zone). The northern island of Kalimantan is across the sea from Malaysia and the island of New Guinea is connected to Papua New Guinea. It faces the Philippines in the northeast, the Indian Ocean in the southeast and Australia in the southwest. The total length of the coastline is 54716 kilometers. [7]

Topography

Indonesian islands are scattered, mainly Kalimantan, Sumatra, Irian, Sulawesi and Java. The interior of the islands is full of rugged mountains and hills, with only narrow plains along the coast, surrounded by shallow seas and corals.

Kalimantan Island, the mountains extend from the middle to the west, the coastal plain is vast, and the south is swampy.

Sumatra Island, the mountains slant from northwest to southeast, the northeast side of the mountains are hills and wide coastal alluvial plain, the eastern part of the plain is swampy.

Sulawesi is mostly mountainous, with only narrow plains along the coast.

On the island of Java, there are plains in the north and lava plateaus and mountains in the south.

Irian Island, with high mountains in the west, has the highest peak in Indonesia and the highest island peak in the world, Chaya Peak, 5030 meters above sea level, and a broad southern plain. [9]

Hydrology

Indonesia has many rivers and abundant water, but they are all relatively small. The larger rivers are the Thoreau River in Java and the Barito River, Capuas River and Mahakan River in Kalimantan Island, of which the Thoreau River is 560 km long. The larger lakes are Lake dopa, Lake Maningjiao, Lake Chekala, Lake Tampe, Lake Towudi, Lake Paniai and so on. Lake dopa in Sumatra is the largest lake in Indonesia.

Java is the most economically developed island in Indonesia and the most densely populated area.

Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, located in the northwest of Java, is the largest city in Southeast Asia. In addition, Indonesia's second and fourth largest cities are located on the island of Java.

Java is the first region in Indonesia to grow coffee and has taken the lead in the world coffee market as early as the 18th century. The famous Java mocha, made from Java coffee mixed with Yemeni mocha, represents the coffee impression of an era. In addition, there is the classic monsoon coffee Moosooned-coffee, or old coffee Aged Coffee.

Coffee cultivation in Java was originally carried out as a large farm, established by Dutch colonists in the 18th century, and gradually transformed into small farmers after World War II and many changes. High-quality Javanese coffee usually comes from five existing large farms. Although Java coffee production only accounts for about 10% of Indonesia's total coffee production, it is an important component of Indonesian boutique coffee.

The main coffee producing area on the island is located in Ijen Plateau, the Ijen Highland area around Ijen Volcano.

Java coffee is traditionally treated with water. Sumatra is the largest producer of Indonesian coffee, and well-known coffee-growing areas are mainly concentrated in the northern mountains, including Aceh in the northernmost province of Aceh and Sumatera Utara in North Sumatra. Including the well-known Mantenin Mandheling, Lin Dong Lintong, Jiayushan Gayo Mountain.

The name of Mandheling coffee is said to come from the local people, mandailing. The producing areas mostly point to the mountains in the north of Lake dopa, and the specific producing areas need to be verified.

Lintong coffee comes from the foothills around Lake Lake Toba in North Sumatra, Sumatra's largest volcanic lake, and its name comes from the small town called lintong in the southwest of Lake dopa.

Gayo mountain Coffee from Takengon, Takangong, Aceh Province and the mountains around Lake Lake Tawar.

Medan Medan and Padang Padang are important cities involved in coffee. They are the capital of North Sumatra and West Sumatra respectively, and they are also the most densely populated areas in Sumatra. The former is an important distribution center for Sumatra coffee exports, while the latter is also a well-known coffee production around, such as Ankola.

Coffee from Sumatra includes Arabica and Robusta, which is usually grown at high altitudes in the mountains, while robusta is grown in the lowlands. Coffee processing is famous for the traditional "wet planing", Giling Basah,wet-hulled, which is partly due to the local humid climate.