What are the varieties of small-grain coffee beans? Yunnan small-grain coffee brand flavor taste Huaguoshan introduction

This species is the most widely cultivated species in the genus Coffea. Because of its strong cold resistance and short-term low temperature resistance, it can grow on mountains at an altitude of 2100 meters in the tropics, but is not resistant to drought; the branches are fragile and not resistant to strong winds; the disease resistance is weak; the fruit is easy to fall off after ripening; after processing, the coffee has a low flavor and caffeine content. 1, sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction is a reproductive method to obtain a large number of seedlings at one time, the first is seed selection and seed treatment, improved varieties are the basis of cultivating strong seedlings and increasing per unit yield, we must carefully select improved varieties, on coffee mother trees, choose fully mature, normal fruit shape, full and full, the same size, with two seeds of fruit. To remove the peel of the selected fruit, you must be careful to prevent the seeds from being damaged and affect the germination rate, and then put the peeled seeds in a ventilated and cool place to dry. After the seed shell is whitened, the seeds can be stored, and the seeds can not be exposed to the sun. Put the seeds into bamboo baskets or cloth bags and turn them once a month in the mild sun, so that the seeds stored for a long time can maintain a high germination rate. After the bottom of the seedling bed is arranged, the seeds can be sowed. According to sowing 1 kg of seeds, 1.5 square meters of seedbeds are needed, and each kilogram of seeds is about 3500 Mel 4000 seeds. If the emergence rate is more than 80%, the seedlings can be transferred to 2500 Mel 3000 plants. Before sowing, seeds can be soaked in 40 ℃ warm water for 12 hours to accelerate germination, and the effect is the best. The seedlings can emerge 80 days after sowing. When there are two leaves in the seedlings, the seedlings can be transplanted into a nutrition bag for management. The seedling bed is drenched with water when the seedlings are raised. Take more soil with the roots as much as possible, and be careful not to hurt the roots and stems. After planting, pour enough water to set roots and shade with a small shade shed. Seedlings are easy to die from drought, so water should be replenished in time, and water should be drenched twice a day, but less in rainy days. Water and fertilizer should be applied for the first time when the seedlings grow to 3 true leaves, 1000 kg of human feces and urine, 5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 2000 kg of water per mu, and then 5 pairs of true leaves and 8 pairs of true leaves should be applied once respectively, and the seedlings should stop applying water and fertilizer for 2 months before emergence, so that the seedlings can survive after planting.

2. Asexual reproduction

The asexual reproduction of coffee mainly adopts the method of cutting and budding. The plant propagated by cuttings grows faster, its growth is large, the branch position is low, and it is easy to manage. The better cutting bed is a constant humidity cutting bed, which can greatly save the use of water, and the rooting rate and survival rate of cuttings are higher, but the cost is higher, so it is not suitable to raise seedlings in the mountainous area of our county, so we will not elaborate here.

Planning and planting of small-grain Coffee Plantation

1. Selection of Coffee planting site

The growth and development of coffee is closely related to climatic and environmental conditions. In the areas where the wind is strong, the temperature is high, the light is strong, and the soil is easy to dry, the axillary buds of plant branches tend to differentiate into flower buds, and the growth of branches is small, which is easy to cause premature senescence. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a place with quiet wind, high humidity and short light as a garden. Small-grain coffee is a plant that needs water and is afraid of too much water. Where the rainfall is below 1400mm, we should choose places with irrigation conditions or water conservancy facilities. The root system of coffee is very strong, and the soil drainage is poor, so drainage ditches should be added. If the soil has a large sand content and poor water conservation and fertility, mulch should be used and organic fertilizer should be applied. The sloping land should be changed into terraced land in order to be suitable for planting. Dig the planting hole 3 months before planting, separate the topsoil and heart soil when digging ditches, return the topsoil to the ditch, and apply 100kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu, where possible, apply 5kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer 2mure 5kg as base fertilizer, fill the ditch with topsoil about 15 days before planting (the topsoil and base fertilizer are mixed evenly), so as to avoid soil subsidence after planting and affect survival.

2. The planting technology of small coffee.

The planting of small-grain coffee depends on different varieties, pruning system, climate and soil conditions, and agricultural technical measures. The commonly used row spacing is 2 m * 1.2 m (278 plants per mu), 2 m * 1 m (333 plants per mu), 1.8 m * 2 m (185 plants per mu). The specification of 2 m * 1 m is generally adopted in Tanglang Township. Generally, it is planted after the beginning of the rainy season. Tang Lang has a higher temperature, and Rain Water is concentrated in the second half of the year. It is appropriate to plant in July-September and choose cloudy days or moist soil to ensure the survival of seedlings. The selection of strong seedlings requires stable terminal buds, strong plant growth, well-developed roots and no diseases and insect pests. Inferior seedlings, curved roots and malformed seedlings should be eliminated. According to the different conditions and requirements of planting materials at that time, there are four different methods for planting seedlings: