What is the famous coffee in Indonesia? How's the Indonesian coffee? Classification of Indonesian coffee

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Indonesia is a large archipelago country made up of many volcanic islands, with excellent coffee growing environment and latitude, and each island has different characteristics due to different topography and climate.

The coffee islands in Indonesia are: Sumatra of Sumatra, Sulawesi of Sulawesi, Java of Java, Sumbawa of Sumbawa, Flores of Flores and Papua of Papua Province. Among them, Sumatra is the main coffee growing place in Indonesia, and the most famous Mantenin coffee comes from here.

. Sumatra is divided into two producing areas, the first is Aceh Aceh in North Sumatra and the second is Linton in Lake Dorba in the south-central part of the country. The most famous planting area in Aceh is the Gayo Mountains, which surrounds Lake Tawa, and is the main producing area of Mantenin, at an altitude of 1100-1300 meters. Mantenin refers to Arabica coffee in northern Sumatra, which derives its name from the local Manning people. Lindong is located in the southwest of the largest lake in Sumatra: Tobahu, which is an important source of boutique coffee in Indonesia.

. Java, the first island in Indonesia to grow coffee beans, was introduced by the Dutch East India Company in about the 16th century. The island of Sulawesi is the producing area of another famous Indonesian coffee "Toraga", which is located in the southern mountains of the equatorial island of Sulawesi. Arabica raw beans were brought about by the early Dutch colonization, and at that time it was famous as Celebes Kalossi (Selbis-Carosi). Later, the Japanese entered Toraga to improve the local industry and quality of coffee, and made Tolaga famous in Asia. Indonesian coffee beans are mainly treated by semi-washing, which is classified by the proportion of defective beans and the number of hand selection of defective beans.

Coffee production in Asia is second only to Central and South America. Indonesia has always been the largest coffee producer in Asia, but the situation has changed in recent years. With the aid of the Olympic Games of the World Bank, Vietnam's production expanded rapidly and officially squeezed out of Indonesia in 1999 to become the largest coffee producer in Asia. However, Vietnam is dominated by sturdy beans, which does not belong to the category of boutique coffee. Vietnam produced 957000 tons of coffee in 2007, making it the largest coffee producer in Asia and the second largest coffee producer in the world. Indonesia produced 420000 tons of coffee beans in the same year, ranking second in Asia. India produces 291000 tons of coffee beans, ranking third in Asia. The body of Asian coffee is higher than that of Central and South American and African beans, but its sour taste is lower, with slightly sunken wood, herb, spice and earthy flavor, and the low and stuffy flavor is higher than the rising sour flavor.

Indonesian coffee-smelling, low acid, good mellow

At the end of the 17th century, the Dutch East India Company transplanted Indian Arabica trees to Jakarta on the island of Java. Due to the favorable climate and soil, Arabica quickly spread to Sumatra in the northwest of Java and Sulawesi, another large island in the northeast. However, in the 1880s, when serious leaf rust broke out in Java and Arabica withered, the Dutch switched to the case-resistant Robusta species to stabilize Indonesia's coffee industry. To this day, Robusta is still the main coffee in Indonesia, accounting for 90% of Indonesia's coffee production, distributed in the low-altitude areas of Java and Bali. The elegant Arabica is mainly distributed in the higher elevations of northern Sumatra, Sulawesi and Java, accounting for only about 10% of Indonesia's coffee production, but the reputation of Mantenin, Golden Mantenin, Lake Lake Tawar, Gayo Mountain, Ache, Sulawesi, Old Manning and Old Brown Java has made Indonesian coffee famous in the boutique world for decades. Not dragged down by other inferior Robusta species.

Mandheling seems to be synonymous with Indonesian boutique coffee. In fact, Mandheling is neither the name of the Indonesian place name, the name of the producing area, the name of the port, nor the name of the coffee variety, but a mispronunciation of Mandaining, an ethnic group that used to live in Sumatra. (for details, please refer to the recommended bibliography-Coffee) according to textual research, Mandaining is a direct descendant of the Batak, who is good at growing coffee. The truth is that the people who still grow coffee in the mountains of north-central Sumatra are the Bhatta, not the Mandaining, let alone the Mandaining.

Sumatra is the main producing area of Indonesian boutique coffee beans, and the coffee system is very complex. According to the book introduction, it can be divided into four types:

(1) Mantenin refers to the most famous half-sun or sun-dried beans around Lake Toba (Lake Toba) in north-central Sumatra and the Lindong Mountains (Lintong) at an altitude of 900-1200 meters on the southwest coast. The Batak is the backbone of coffee farmers in this area. It has the unique fragrance of herbs and trees.

(2) Golden Manning, after four times of manual screening, is higher than the average Manning. Mellow and bright, good sweetness.

(3) Lake Tawa coffee refers to the washed, semi-washed or sun-dried beans (less) near Lake Tawa in the northernmost part of Sumatra at an altitude of 8-1600 meters above sea level. The sour smell is bright, and the stuffy fragrance is not obvious. The taste of "Sumatra Axie Gold" (Sumatra Ache Gold) has the classic fruit sweetness of Raminita, with obvious peach and almond flavors and soft acidity, which is unique to Indonesia.

(4) Old Manning, tastes as sweet as honey and Java Old Brown. The ripening of aged beans takes about 2-3 years, which can be called kung fu beans. The color of aged beans is yellowish brown or dark brown, somewhat indecent, but the sweetness (sweetness) is excellent, and the aged Java Old Brown is better than aged Mantenin in sweetness, mellowness and cleanliness.

Small quantity, high quality, strong fragrance of flowers.-Sulawesi

The English words "Celebes", "Toraja" and "Kalossi" often appear on the sacks of "Sulawesi" coffee. "Celebes" is the old name of the island under Dutch rule, which has long been changed to Sulawesi; "Toraja" is not a place name, a city name, nor a variety name, but Toraja, an ethnic group good at growing coffee in the mountains of central Suvira, and the name of the island's boutique beans. And the above-mentioned Mandainin and Guao belong to the same people who are proficient in growing coffee; "Kalossi" is a small town in the middle of the island, Kalosi, is a centralized trading place for Toraja (Taroga) coffee beans.

Toraja (Taroga) is also a rare boutique bean in the world, with an annual output of about 1000 metric tons, distributed in the rugged slopes of about 1200 meters in the middle and southwest of Sulawesi. It is not easy to plant and harvest, with an average annual yield of only 300kg per hectare. Far lower than the average of more than 1000 kg in Central and South America. The three major estates in Toraja (Taroga) are: "PT Kapal Api" has 2000 hectares of coffee; "CSR" ranks second with 1100 hectares of coffee; and "Toarco Jaya" of Japan's "Key Coffee" is the third largest with 700ha. In other words, Toraja Toraja (Taroga) is more precious and rarer than Manning or Golden Manning.

Toraja (Taroga) is washed or semi-washed, with brighter acidity and layers than Sumatra's or Golden Manning. There is a strong caramel sweetness, but Tusao, sunwood and mellow thickness are much more convergent than Mantenin, with slightly floral aromas.