The main characteristics of Yunnan coffee beans introduction to the flavor and taste of varieties grown in Yunnan small-grain coffee beans producing areas

Yunnan coffee has become a household name in the coffee industry, and many people learned that Yunnan also produces small coffee beans through the movie "get home at one point", and then support domestic products one after another. Since Arabica coffee trees are only suitable for growing at high elevations between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer, only Yunnan meets these planting conditions and is it possible to grow coffee well. But for Yunnan's good coffee, it's just the beginning.

It is said that coffee is a crop, so its flavor has something to do with the local growing environment. The geographical location of Yunnan, China is very superior, and the environment is very suitable for coffee cultivation. Yunnan's altitude is about 1500-2000 meters, altitude, sufficient sunshine, abundant precipitation, fertile land, large temperature difference between day and night, these are unique advantages, are the conditions for the cultivation and growth of boutique coffee. It is precisely because of such a geographical environment that the flavor of Yunnan small-grain coffee is: rich and mellow, mellow but not strong, mellow taste and sour fruit flavor.

Yunnan coffee bean producing area

China is the hometown of tea, but coffee has been grown in China for a long time. It just hasn't developed for a variety of reasons. Now that we have discovered and attached importance to it, we have the name of Yunnan boutique coffee in the world. The western and southern parts of Yunnan Province are located between 15 °N and the Tropic of Cancer, and most areas are 1000-2000 meters above sea level. The topography is dominated by mountains and slopes, with large ups and downs, fertile soil, sufficient sunshine, rich rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night. These unique natural conditions form the particularity of Yunnan small grain coffee taste-strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, slightly fruity.

Coffee planting areas in Yunnan are mainly distributed in Lincang, Baoshan, Simao, Xishuangbanna, Dehong and other areas. The average temperature of Baoshan is 21.5℃, and the highest is 40.4℃, which is basically frost-free all the year round. It is recognized as the best producing area of small-grain coffee. Qianjie will take you to learn about the planting environment and coffee characteristics of these districts.

Dehong

It has the laudatory name of "hometown of Chinese coffee". The coffee planting in Dehong Prefecture is above 1000 meters above sea level, of which 30, 000 mu are planted in the mountains above 1600 meters above sea level. in addition, the coffee grown in Dehong Prefecture mainly uses organic fertilizers and organic pesticides, resulting in high quality coffee. it is one of the rare high-quality coffee producing areas in the world.

Baoshan

The cultivation of coffee in Baoshan began in the mid-1950s, and the first coffee seedling was introduced by the late patriotic overseas Chinese Mr. Liang Jinshan in Southeast Asia. In recent years, with the expansion of international trade, Lujiangba's small-grain coffee is more famous. Merchants in Europe, the United States, Egypt, Hong Kong and Macao, especially in Britain, the United States, Egypt, Hong Kong and Macao all regard it as top-grade coffee, and their products are in short supply. In December 2010, after being examined and approved by China's General Administration of quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, it was decided to implement national geographical indication product protection for "Baoshan small Coffee".

Lincang

Lincang is located in the southwest of Yunnan Province, with the Tropic of Cancer running through the south, Pu'er to the east, Dali to the north, Baoshan to the west, and Myanmar to the southwest. it is a bright pearl in the southwest of the motherland because it is close to the Lancang River. The annual average temperature in Lincang is between 16.8 ℃ and 17.2℃. The dry and wet season is obvious and the sunshine is sufficient. Because of its unique geographical location and climatic conditions, Lincang has become the focus of many coffee enterprises, and 200 mu and 100 mu of high-quality coffee breeding bases have been established in Mengding Town and Lincang Happy Farm in Gengma Autonomous County of the city. coffee is planted in Gengma, Zhenkang, Yun County, Cangyuan, Yongde and other places.

Qianjie Coffee has set up its own manor in Lincang, Yunnan Province. Then, before 2021, Street Coffee produced the first home-grown coffee beans. There has always been a Yunnan washed iron card Huaguoshan coffee bean in the bean list of Qianjie coffee.

Our front street coffee has two Yunnan small beans, one is Katim coffee and the other is iron pickup coffee. Because Katim has the gene of Luodou, the flavor and taste of Katim is slightly inferior to that of iron pickup coffee beans.

Pu 'er Tea

Tea village Pu'er has cultivated coffee for 150 years. At the end of 1990s, Pu'er City began to cultivate coffee as a dominant backbone industry to adjust the industrial structure and increase farmers' income.

Yunnan coffee bean varieties

At present, Katim coffee beans are the most widely planted in Yunnan, while there are a small amount of iron pickup coffee beans and bourbon coffee beans in Baoshan area. Although they all belong to Arabica species on a large scale, these varieties are very different in nature.

Iron pickup Coffee Bean (typica): the most classic high-quality Arabica species, many commercial improved varieties are derived from this. Iron pickup coffee beans have excellent taste and are recognized as a boutique coffee variety, but the yield is very low and vulnerable to rust, so more manpower management is needed. Iron pickup coffee beans are native to Ethiopia and southeastern Sudan and are the most widely cultivated variety of coffee in the Western Hemisphere. The plant is stronger, but not light-tolerant, and the yield is higher in Hawaii. The top leaf of the iron pickup is red copper, which is called red top coffee.

Bourbon Coffee Bean (bourbon): this variety is derived from the Iron pickup Coffee Bean, which was grown by the French on the island of Bourbon (now Reunion) in 1708. Bobang also has a beautiful aroma and rich flavor, which is higher in yield and growth than iron pickup trucks. It is suitable for planting in an area of 1200 million meters, but it is less resistant to diseases and insect pests and is more sensitive to strong winds and heavy precipitation. Bourbon coffee is a variety of small-grain coffee second only to iron pickup. At first, the main branch and trunk grew upward at 45 degrees, and with the fruit load, the lateral branches were denser, the fruit was more, and the yield was higher. But the berries are smaller and ripen more slowly. Bobang terminal bud tender leaves are green, called green top coffee.

Katim coffee beans (catimor): Katim is not pure Arabica pedigree, it is a hybrid of Timor (Robusta) and caturra (Bobang), so catimor has 25% robusta pedigree, and its Robusta pedigree also determines its taste defects: the aroma is not rich enough, and the overall taste is bitter, prone to astringency and more irritating mildew.

Qianjie Coffee-Yunnan Tieka Coffee beans about 5-6 years ago, Qianjie Coffee began to quote Tieka in Baoshan, Yunnan Province, and made Yunnan Huaguoshan Coffee beans, which has the characteristics of Yunnan coffee beans.

The main Yunnan coffee variety grown in Qianjie is iron pickup, which is an Arabica species with excellent flavor in coffee, in order to record this long Yunnan boutique coffee experiment. At the same time, the output of iron pickup is very low, which is 1/3 of that of Katim, so why is the price more expensive? At the same time, iron pickups and bourbon are also very prone to rust, which is one of the biggest reasons why farmers are reluctant to grow what they call old varieties of iron pickups.

There are no four seasons in Yunnan, only dry season and rainy season, and the same is true in most coffee producing areas, which is the root cause of the use of tanning in some producing areas. June is the beginning of the rainy season in the producing areas, and it will rain for the next three or four months, which is the most favorable time for growing coffee. Only when seedlings are planted at this time and moistened by Rain Water for a few months will they be able to grow well-developed roots to survive the first half-year dry season.

Suggestion on brewing coffee in Qianjie

For coffee brewing, Qianjie recommends using freshly roasted coffee beans for brewing, so that you can maximize the rich flavor of coffee. The coffee beans shipped in Qianjie are all roasted within 5 days, because Qianjie is well aware that the freshness of coffee beans has a great impact on the flavor. The purpose of Qianjie roasting is "freshly roasted coffee", so that every guest who places an order is the freshest coffee when he receives it. The bean cultivation period of coffee is about 4-7 days, so when the guest gets it, it is the time when the flavor is the best.

Of course, there are also some customers who need help grinding powder in front of the street, which doesn't matter, but what Qianjie reminds you is that if the coffee beans are ground ahead of time, they need to be cooked in time, and if they have been ground into coffee powder, there is no need to raise beans, because in the process of transportation, the pressure caused by carbon dioxide in the packaging can also make the coffee flavor round. So as soon as you receive the coffee powder, you can make a cup and drink it.

But the coffee powder oxidizes faster after contact with the air, that is to say, the flavor of the coffee will dissipate more quickly, and the flavor of the coffee is not very good. Therefore, Qianjie suggests buying whole beans, grinding and flushing now, so that we can better taste the flavor of coffee.

What about the flavor of Qianjie's all-home-grown coffee beans?

Filter cup: V60

Water temperature: 88 ℃

Amount of powder: 15g

Powder / water ratio: 1:15

Degree of grinding: fine sugar thickness (Chinese standard No. 20 screen pass rate 80%)

Using stage-by-stage extraction, steaming with 2 times the amount of coffee powder, that is, 30 grams of water for 30 seconds, continue to inject water around the small water to 125 grams for 30 seconds, continue to inject water to 225 grams, and remove the filter cup after the water drip is finished. the extraction time is 2 minutes 3900 "from the beginning of water injection." then pick up the whole cup and shake it evenly, then pour it into the cup and taste it.

Yunnan sun iron pickup coffee flavor: with nutty tone, taste stronger than washed Yunnan coffee, slightly lower acidity and water washed iron pickup Yunnan coffee, but slightly more sweetness, higher sense of balance, berry-like acidity, mixed with brown sugar, and a slight sense of tea.

Yunnan small grain coffee flavor: it smells nutty, with herbs, chocolate and caramel in the mouth, with a hint of acidity in the finish.

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