The appeal of coffee is the perfect blend of caffeine, aroma and flavor

Researchers have sequenced the genome of coffee, revealing the evolution of caffeine in plants and providing insights into the popular flavor and aroma of this popular drink. The genome sequence also gives scientists a tool to quickly locate specific genes on specific coffee chromosomes. this is a resource that can help them improve coffee breeding, accelerate the development of new coffee varieties, and increase the environmental stress of coffee plants such as climate change and pests. France Denoeud and his colleagues used advanced sequencing technology to obtain a genome sketch of medium-fruit coffee, commonly known as Robusta coffee, which accounts for about 30 per cent of the world's coffee production. Medium fruit coffee is one of the two most important types of coffee on the market, and the other is Arabica coffee, which accounts for most of the rest of the world's coffee production because of its light sour taste (as a result of low caffeine levels). In order to identify the unique gene family of Zhongguo coffee, Denoeud et al ran comparative genomics software on protein sequences from coffee, grapevine, tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana. They identified more than 16000 genes in these plants, which originated from a single gene of a last common ancestor. Further analysis revealed unique and valuable adaptive changes to coffee genes, including adaptive changes in disease resistance genes and caffeine-producing genes, the researchers said. the enzymes associated with caffeine production in coffee have undergone adaptive changes independent of those in cocoa and tea. Compared with Arabidopsis thaliana, which has a linoleic acid gene, which is an important contributor to aroma and taste, coffee has six linoleic acid genes. Dani Zamir highlighted the importance of transforming the coffee genome into a new tool for coffee cultivation, especially at a time when the diversity of coffee plants is declining worldwide.

As part of this process, scientists must share phenotypic data (such as aroma and flavor) so that the gene sequence can be clearly linked to the phenotype behind the desired phenotype, Zamir said. Zamir said this effort is critical to ensuring the persistence of variations in coffee varieties, which in turn will help mitigate the effects of unstable climate and plant diseases on the crop.

What kind of magic of coffee can attract domestic consumers? Or domestic consumers do not understand the coffee culture, but sometimes the personal experience is often the most intuitive sense of the charm of coffee transmission. The packaging of cha-cha coffee culture has high popularity and strong inclusiveness. No matter where you are, just pick up a cup of hot coffee and feel the perfect combination of caffeine, aroma and flavor.