Exquisite Yunnan small grain coffee which brand of Yunnan coffee is better which brand of Yunnan coffee is better

A little knowledge of the fields.

Yunnan small-grain coffee, that is, Arabica coffee, now belongs to an awkward position in the international market as well as in China. For example, coffee shops rank low in individual coffee, and the cheapest coffee is Yunnan coffee. This is an issue that cannot be avoided.

Since the landlord asks what is the difference between the main producing areas and the main producing areas, let's tell the story of the variety.

Yunnan can be said to be the only province still growing Arabica on a large scale, mainly in Dehong Lincang, Baoshan, western Yunnan and Pu'er Banna in southern Yunnan. Robusta was the main coffee introduced by missionaries in the 19th century, and then it was no longer planted on a large scale. Experts assisted by the Soviet Union brought two mainstream Arabica varieties, typica and Bourbon bourbon, to Baoshan, Yunnan, for cultivation and promotion, which were well received. Later, due to the special period, scientific research and cultivation tended to stagnate. After the reform and opening up, thanks to the efforts of local agricultural experts, the iron pickup varieties cultivated by Baoshan state-run Lujiang Farm and Xincheng Youth Farm also won the first place in the international coffee competition. However, the Chinese people's understanding of coffee, so that we do not increase too much interest in growing. Since the early 1990s, in order to improve the enthusiasm of farmers, Baoshan Rezuo has introduced a Katim variety bred by the Portuguese Coffee Rust Research Center with Timor (medium grain, Tim) and Caturra (small grain, Kaddura), and has been popularized and planted with numerous titles. This variety has solved many factors such as disease and insect disasters and drought resistance, and the important thing is that the yield per mu has nearly doubled. Although it has increased the enthusiasm of farmers to grow coffee, it has also become the reason for the low quality of Yunnan coffee from now on. At the same time, Nestl é and Maxwell entered China and began to promote coffee varieties suitable for instant coffee in Pu'er and other places: S288, natural hybrid of large seed and small seed and S26 of kent hybrid of Arabica Kent in India, which had first-class rust resistance, but the planting difficulty and adaptability were low, and the cultivation was basically stopped at the beginning of the 20th century.

Speaking of which, I think there should be some judgment on the varieties of coffee in Yunnan. What about the excellent iron pickup and bourbon before? In the new promotion and planting, there are still many hills left to continue to grow old varieties of coffee, but, generally speaking, backward places do not have the protection of origin and a single species, a mountain, 10 families, all kinds of people, a gust of wind blowing, pollen flying everywhere. He he. The problem of variety, so that Yunnan coffee really lost in the starting line.

In addition, although the environmental problems of coffee cultivation can meet the standards of hot areas, they are far away from the equator, evaporation, large-scale coffee cultivation in Yunnan is less than 1100m above sea level, the severe drought in Yunnan in recent years, and the frost period in the producing areas, and so on, all make the cultivation of coffee can not be guaranteed normally, directly affecting the quality of coffee production. As for other processing problems, not to mention the quality of farmers, tea farmers have been drinking tea for generations, but farmers may not have had coffee in their lives.

Say so much, but it doesn't mean that you haven't had a cup of good Yunnan coffee, and if the post-processing and roasting is good, as a friend here said, the coffee from several hills, such as Pu'erman Laojiang, Kaddura of Manzhong Tian, Tielinka of Baihualing of Lujiang, Baoshan, and Boben of Lujiang, Baoshan, are still good, especially resistant to the old varieties at an altitude of 1800m.

If there's anything, we'll communicate again.

Baoshan small grain coffee

Editing

Baoshan small grain coffee, Yunnan Baoshan Lujiang specialty, national geographical indication products, is one of the better quality coffee in the country and the world, with uniform and full particles, fresh smell, rich aroma, mellow taste, strong but not strong, can be comparable with the world-famous Blue Mountain Coffee. It is famous all over the world for its unique excellent quality: it was rated as the first-class product in the London market in the late 1950s and was praised as "Lujiang No.1". It was recognized as "the top coffee in the country" at the National Coffee Conference in 1980.

Catalogue

1 introduction

2 climatic conditions

3 range of producing area

4 the use of special signs

5 Technical requirements

6 quality and characteristics

Brief introduction

Editing

Small grains of coffee in Lujiang, Baoshan, Yunnan. National Geographic indication product is one of the better quality coffee in the country and the world, and its taste can be comparable to the world-famous Blue Mountain Coffee. Baoshan Lujiang River

Small-grain coffee is famous all over the world for its unique excellent quality: it was rated as first-class in the London market in the late 1950s, won the reputation of "Lujiang No.1", and was recognized as "the top coffee in the country" at the National Coffee Conference in 1980. In 1987, a technical president of the Swiss Nestl é Coffee Company, who came to Lujiang to inspect, praised after drinking Lujiang small grains of coffee: "this is the best coffee I have ever had in China." [1] in December 2010, after the examination and approval of the AQSIQ, it was decided to implement the national geographical indication product protection for "Baoshan small Coffee". The approval will be implemented on April 1, 2012. [2]

In October 1992, Baoshan small Coffee won the Silver Award at the China Agricultural Expo (there was no gold award at this fair, so Baoshan small Coffee won the highest prize.

Baoshan Coffee was held at the World Coffee Competition held in Brussels, Belgium in 1993.

Pictures of small grains of coffee in Lujiang Town "Coffee Hot °" provide pictures (4)

Won the world "Eureka" gold medal, thus occupying an important position in the world coffee market.

Climatic conditions

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Lujiangba in Baoshan, Yunnan Province is a unique dry and hot valley climate in Yunnan Province and even the whole country, which is very suitable for the growth of Arabica (small grain coffee). Lujiang Dam, Longyang District, is located at the eastern foot of Gaoligong Mountain and on both sides of Nujiang River. It is located at 98 °44mm in east diameter and 25 °33km in latitude 24 °46m in north latitude. It is 640m-3510 m above sea level. Most of the small-grain coffee planting area is in the area of 800m ~ 1200m above sea level, and a small part has been planted in the area of about 1400 m. The raw material planting base belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate type, with an average annual temperature of 21.3 ℃, annual sunshine hours of 2334.5 hours, annual rainfall of 721.51-100mm, active accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10 ℃ of 7800 ℃, and basically frost-free throughout the year. Lujiang planting area, with a long planting history and rich cultivation experience, has a planting history of more than 50 years, and its yield per mu is about 150 Mu 200 kg. It is one of the best producing areas of high-quality small-grain coffee in the world. [1]

Range of producing area

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The protection producing areas of Baoshan small grain coffee geographical indication products are under the jurisdiction of Longyang District, Longling County, Shidian County, Changning County and Tengchong County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province. [2]

Use of special marks

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Producers within the protected producing area of Baoshan small grain coffee may apply to the Bureau of quality and Technical Supervision of Baoshan City of Yunnan Province for the use of special marks for geographical indication products, which shall be examined and approved by the Yunnan Provincial Bureau of quality and Technical Supervision, it shall be announced and approved by the State Administration of quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine. The legal testing institution of Baoshan small-grain coffee is designated by the Yunnan Provincial Bureau of quality and Technical Supervision. [2]

Technical requirements

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(1) products

Fig. 2 Baoshan small Coffee Base

Kind of.

Catimor, Coffea arabica var. Typica cramer), Bourbon variety (Cofea arabica var. Bourbon choussy), Kaddura variety (Cofea arabica var. Caturra KMG), Mondonovo (Mundo novo culti var).

(2) site conditions.

The protected areas are 1000 to 1500 meters above sea level; the soils are latosol, dry red soil, sandy soil and yellow soil; the thickness of the soil layer is ≥ 60cm, the groundwater level is below 1 meter; and the soil pH values are from 5.5 to 6.5.

(3) cultivation and management.

1. Seedling raising and planting: Baoshan small grain coffee was sown from March to July and planted when the seedling height ≥ was 30 cm. The planting density was 5000 to 6000 plants per hectare.

two。 Fertilization: the base fertilizer and base fertilizer are mainly organic fertilizer and mineral fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizer per hectare is not less than 30t.

3. Fresh fruit picking: picked before the middle of April, artificially picked the normal ripe bright red fruit on the plant.

4. Environmental and safety requirements: the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers must comply with the relevant provisions of the state and shall not pollute the environment.

(4) processing.

1. Processing procedure: wet processing, fresh fruit → peeling, → fermentation, → cleaning, → drying, → shelling, → grading, packaging, → storage.

two。 Processing technology:

(1) fresh fruit: fresh fruit should be fully ripe bright red fruit.

(2) peeling: if the peel cannot be peeled in time on the day of picking, the fresh fruit must be soaked and preserved in water.

(3) fermentation: put the peeled coffee beans into the fermentation tank for fermentation, the temperature is about 20 ℃, fermentation for 20 to 24 hours, when the temperature is low, the fermentation time can be appropriately extended, but the fermentation time should not exceed 72 hours.

(4) drying: drying or drying, the moisture content should be reduced to less than 45% within 24 hours, and the final moisture content of coffee beans should be reduced to 12%.