Coffee classroom: the difference between Arabica and Robusta coffee beans

Coffee beans all over the world are mainly divided into two categories-small seed coffee bean Arabica (Arabica) and medium seed coffee bean Robusta (Robusta). Small seed coffee beans grow in the temperate zone and climate of Haiba, which has a rich and delicate taste, strong smell, high acidity and smooth texture, bringing strong aroma and smoothness to the coffee.

Medium seed coffee beans, just like the English name "Robusta", have strong taste and texture, bitter taste, and low acidity, which brings strength and concentration to the coffee. This kind of coffee bean grows in the lower part of the mountain, and small seed coffee beans can better withstand large temperature differences.

1. Arabica (Arabica)

Arabica, also known as alpine beans, has the following main characteristics:

The fragrant smell of ● is strong.

● is not easy to taste bitter.

● coffee oil content is moderate

● has high acidity.

The caffeine content of ● is 30% of Robusta.

Arabica coffee accounts for about 65% of the coffee beans in the world. Its excellent flavor and aroma make her the only coffee that can be drunk directly and alone among these native species. However, its resistance to dryness, frost, diseases and insect pests is low, especially the biggest natural enemy of coffee-leaf rust, so all producing countries are committed to improving varieties.

Arabica is a large shrub with oval, dark green leaves and oval fruit. There are generally two slightly flattened beans with small and round beans, long oval on the front, narrow and S-shaped cracks in the middle, and smooth arcs on the back of the beans. Caffeine content is about 1% Muay 1.7%.

Arabica coffee trees grow between 600m and 2000 m above sea level; they are cold-resistant, and the suitable growth temperature is 15ml / 24 ℃; they need more humidity, and the annual rainfall is not less than 1500 ml. At the same time, they also require higher cultivation techniques and conditions.

Arabica coffee beans are mainly grown in South America (except Argentina and parts of Brazil), Central American countries, Africa (Kenya, Ethiopia, etc.), Asia (including parts of Yemen, India and Papua New Guinea), and a small amount of Arabica coffee beans are also grown in Yunnan, Hainan and Taiwan in China.

2. Robusta (Robusta)

The main features of Robusta:

● has a poor aroma.

● tends to have a bitter taste after deep baking.

More ● Creama

● has low acidity.

● is high in caffeine.

Arabica coffee beans grow at colder high elevations in the tropics, and those high temperatures and low elevations that are not suitable for Arabica are the land of Robusta. Robstado grows in the lowlands at 200-600m above sea level and likes warm climates. the temperature is 24-29 ℃, and the requirement for rainfall is not high. However, the variety depends on insects or wind to pollinate, so it takes 11 months from pollination to fruit, which is longer than the Arabica species.

Robusta kind of Ken has a unique aroma (known as "Rob flavor", some people mainly moldy smell) and bitter taste. If 23% of the coffee is mixed with other coffee, the whole cup of coffee will become Rob flavor (therefore, Robusta coffee beans can not be drunk as individual coffee beans). Its flavor is so bright and strong, but if you want to taste it directly, you have to be prepared. In general, robusta coffee is used in instant coffee (which extracts about twice as much liquid as Arabica), canned coffee, liquid coffee and other industrial coffees. Its caffeine content is much higher than that of Arabica, about 3.2%.

The coffee tree planted by Robusta is a kind of tree between shrubs and tall trees. Its leaves are long and bright green. The tree can be up to 10 meters high, but its roots are very shallow. The fruit is slightly rounder and smaller than Arabica coffee. The bean body is flat and round. The middle pit is straight.

The output of Robusta species accounts for 25% of coffee bean production, which accounts for 25% of coffee bean production. Its main producing country is Indonesia (one of its coffee beans is a kind of coffee bean processed by washing method, which is a hybrid between Robusta and Arabica. It is the only coffee bean on the Chinese market that can be used as a single drink), Vietnam, Africa, (Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Angola as the center of the West African countries), Vietnam has been more committed to coffee production in recent years, and included it in the national policy (Vietnam also produces a small number of Arabica coffee beans).