The process of picking from Coffee Tree to Coffee Fruit and beans

Coffee tree introduction

In fact, Arabs began growing coffee in 525 BC, and chewing roasted coffee beans became popular in Arabia. In 890 AD, Arab merchants sold coffee beans to Yemen, and Yemen made coffee beans into a beverage for the first time. In the 15th century, coffee was introduced into Europe, Asia, and soon into America. By the 18th century, coffee was widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and became one of the three major beverages in the world. Coffee ranks first among the top three beverages in annual sales, three times that of cocoa and four times that of tea. Coffee has been cultivated for more than 2000 years. However, coffee cultivation in China has only a few hundred years of experience. In 1884, coffee was introduced into Taiwan Province.

At the beginning of the 20th century, overseas Chinese brought coffee back from Malaysia and planted it in Hainan Province. Later, the southern tropical and subtropical provinces began to plant coffee one after another. Although the cultivation time is relatively short, the coffee in Hainan Province and Yunnan Province of our country has superior quality and unique charm, and enjoys high reputation in the world. After some foreign businessmen buy it at a low price, it becomes a world-class beverage with expensive value after processing and selling it to the international market. The most prominent one is the small coffee planted in Yunnan Province. Because the temperature difference between day and night in Yunnan is large, it is conducive to the accumulation of its contents. Therefore, it tastes strong but not bitter, fragrant but not strong, rich in oil and fruity. Therefore, it has been praised by coffee merchants at home and abroad as "the best quality coffee in the world".

Young tree stage refers to the period from planting to production, about 2-3 years. The main characteristics of this period are vigorous vegetative growth, 6-8 pairs of branches can be drawn every year, with root, stem and leaf growth as the center, the ground and underground parts expand rapidly, forming an ideal plant structure, preparing for production The initial production period refers to the period from the beginning of production to the arrival of abundance, during which coffee begins to enter reproductive growth, coffee tree nutrient growth is vigorous, nutrient demand is very large. Coffee trees generally bloom in 3 to 4 years, about 2 to 3 months each year. Their appearance and smell are similar to jasmine flowers. When flowering, they are closely clustered on branches. The flowering period is 3 to 5 days. After flowering, they bear small green fruit, a few months later mature into red can be picked ripe fruit.

The ripe fruit skin is red, and due to its shape and color similar to cherries, mature coffee fruits are called coffee cherries in many places. Beneath the bright red exocarp are the pericarp, pulp, and a sweet, sticky yellow substance that encases the beans.

The growth rate decreases year by year, the economic life is approaching the end, and the coffee tree indicates that it has entered the aging period. Its life span is closely related to climate, soil and management level. There are still centuries-old coffee trees that can bear fruit. The origin of coffee trees is Ethiopia in Africa. Coffee tree in botany, belongs to the Rubiaceae coffee subgenus evergreen tree, and generally known as coffee beans, survey is the coffee tree fruit seeds, only because the shape like beans, so called coffee beans.

Climate is the decisive factor for coffee cultivation. Coffee trees are only suitable for growing in the tropics or subtropics, so the zone between north and south latitudes is most suitable for coffee cultivation. This coffee-producing zone is commonly referred to as the "coffee belt" or "coffee zone."

However, not all the land in this area can produce good coffee trees. The ideal planting conditions for coffee trees are warm climates with temperatures between 15-25 ° C, and rainfall of 1500-2000 mm throughout the year, and the rainfall time should match the flowering cycle of coffee trees. Of course, in addition to seasonal and rainfall coordination, there must be fertile soil. The soil most suitable for coffee cultivation is fertile soil with good drainage and pozzolanic matter