What's the specific way to have a cup of Sumatra manning? What's the flavor?

Sumatra wet planing method

Every year from March to May and September to December is the Sumatra harvest season for Manning, and now most coffee farmers only harvest all-red coffee cherries. After collecting coffee cherries in the morning, coffee cherries will be peeled and peeled in the afternoon. Sumatra has a superior natural environment, and most of the water used will be mountain spring water.

1. Peel the coffee fruit, put the shell beans into a vat or sink filled with water, and remove the defective shell beans floating on the liquid surface.

2. Wash the dense shell beans sunk to the bottom of the water slightly, put them into a bucket or plastic bag, and do a little dry body fermentation, that is, to ferment and flavor the pectin sugar on the surface of the seed shell. Basically, the longer the fermentation time, the more sour. The fermentation time varies from person to person, generally only a few hours, but some manors omit the dry body fermentation stage and directly expose the shell beans, which can always be sour and improve the sticky taste, so that the pectin sugar can be fully fermented to increase the flavor, usually between 12-36 hours, depending on the specific situation.

3. When the bean with shell is exposed to the sun for one or two days, the moisture content of the bean body is 30% 50%, and the bean body is still semi-hard and semi-soft. Wipe off the seed shell with a shell planer to speed up the drying process. After about two days, the moisture content of the bean reaches 12% Mui 13%. The coffee beans will be collected into a woven bag, usually 40 kg and 80 kg each, and will be sent to the coffee processing factory for shelling, and the success will be completed in about four days.

The shelling process is to grind off the bean shell with a shell planer and then dry it until the moisture content reaches about 12% to 15%. The coffee beans are then sent for machine selection to remove a variety of impurities and then sorted by particle size.

Of course, accidents can happen.

In the shell planing process, the coffee bean temperature will rise to 30-60 degrees, and completely destroy the parchment, which is likely to trigger the bean sprouting.

Wet planing will also occur because the peel is removed in the production process, and the beans come into direct contact with the air, so defective beans such as mildew beans are much higher than water washing and sun drying.

Mold brings good flavor.

Because coffee beans have four layers of protection-pericarp, pectin, seed shell, silver skin. In the washing method, only the first two layers were removed, and the seed shell and silver coat were preserved and dried in the sun. On the other hand, the wet planing method cuts off the third and fourth layers of protection, that is, the falling body is sunbathed, which is why the raw Sumatran beans are turquoise. Although the wet planing method shortens the drying time, the probability of being unmanned by molds, fungi and yeasts is also greatly increased.

Interestingly, pollution is not a bad thing, depending on the strain. Dr. Martha Donniva of the Brazilian Institute of Food Science and Technology has tried to use different strains of touching coffee beans to produce different flavors, including decay, fuel consumption, mildew, wood, iodine, caramel, chocolate and floral aromas. Scholars believe that the wood flavor, immortal grass flavor, earth flavor, banana flavor and spice flavor of Sumatran coffee should be made by mold.

The director of the baking plant often reflects to the academic circles that some coffee beans with touching mold have a better flavor after being cleaned, but some are difficult to import and are related to bacteria. It may be possible to suppress bad mold and implant good mold, just as winology calls "controlling savage yeasts" and "cultivating elegant yeasts". But which molds help to enhance the flavor of coffee? Which are bad bacteria? It needs to be further studied.

The rate of sheep's foot bean is high.

The wet planing method may touch the germination mechanism of raw beans and then affect the flavor. Because coffee beans that run out of four layers of protection are in a state of falling body, which is much more likely to trigger sprouting than washing beans with only two layers of protection, that is, activating the metabolism of sugars, proteins and fats, all of which are precursors of coffee aromatics.

In addition, the friction of coffee beans in the shell planing process, the bean body heating up to 30 ℃-60 ℃, is also conducive to sprouting and mold growth. And the semi-hard and semi-soft wet raw beans are easily crushed by mechanical force when removing the seed shell, and the beans are easy to crack like a sheep's hoof, which is why there is a high ratio of sheep's hoof beans in Sumatra. However, it is still inconclusive whether the bauhinia bean is good or bad.

He said with a smile: "with proper control, it is full of fruity and sweetness." The focus of control is to keep the utensils and beans clean. Once the shell is planed, it needs to dry quickly to produce a mellow, low-acid and sweet taste of Sumatra; if not controlled properly, it may produce a boring Sumatra or even moldy smell. If you like the sour taste, Yachi can also wash it, depending on the needs of customers. "

Summary:

To sum up the flavor of the wet planer, apart from those slight differences, we generally think that the wet shaved bean has the taste of soil, tobacco and chocolate, and the sour taste is called "low acid", mellow and dull.

Low acid comes from a shorter, weaker fermentation process and a longer drying time, if you forget the wet plane fermentation, turn back and have a look. As for the "earthy taste" of wet shaved beans, there are different opinions. Some people say that this is related to the beans selected in the wet planing-related producing areas (Tim & Kadim: with Rob pedigree), some people say that this is the result of the organic interaction between raw beans and the outside world, and some even say that it is because there are too many defective beans! Of course, there are a lot of...

There are many sources of defective beans in the wet planing method. First of all, there must be some natural defects in the coffee fruit, and another defect contributor is the shelling part, the corrosion of the wet shell beans during transportation, the damage of sunlight and moisture to the naked raw beans, and one point, the uneven drying speed brought by irregular weather also reduces the flavor. Why did Manning choose by hand so many times? Of course there's a reason for that.

Finally, let's summarize the characteristics of various ways of handling raw beans:

Acidity: washing > semi-washing > honey treatment > wet planing > solarization.

Sweetness: sun > honey treatment > wet planing > semi-washing > washing.

Production risk: wet planing / solarization > washing / honey treatment > semi-washing

Equipment cost: washing / semi-washing > honey treatment / wet planing > solarization

Amount of water used: water washing > semi-washing > honey treatment / wet planing method

[different utensils and different cooking methods], the taste will be different.

[hand] Flavor: changeable, clean, balanced, lasting caramel sweetness

1. Choice of appliances: Hario V60

two。 The temperature of the water: 88 degrees

3. Thickness of powder: small Fuji grindability 4

4. Depth of baking: medium and deep baking

5. Steaming time: 25 seconds

Specific techniques: [three times cut off water] hand flush Mantenin, 15g powder, 4 grinding of small Fuji ghost tooth cutter, V60 filter cup, 88-89 degrees water temperature, 30g water injection for the first time, steaming for 25s, water cut off to 104g water, waiting for powder bed water to half water and then water injection, slow water injection until 220g water, no 5 grams at the end, water powder ratio 1:15, extraction time about 2:00

Manning is extracted with volcanic flushing, flannel or kono is also possible.

Specific techniques: high temperature extraction, water temperature 90-92 degrees, small water injection in front, size and position of one-yuan coin, cut off water, stew, cut off water, keep powder in steaming state, steaming time 1:30, and finally fast extraction with large water flow. the total extraction time is 2:30.

[Philharmonic pressure] Flavor: full-bodied, complex, outstanding spice, forest fragrance

1. The choice of instruments: Philharmonic pressure

two。 The temperature of the water: 85 degrees

3. Thickness of powder: small Fuji grinding degree 3.5

4. Depth of baking: medium and deep baking

5. Length of steaming time: 2 times, 20 seconds for the first time, 50 seconds for the first time

Specific techniques: Philharmonic pressure positive pressure preparation, it is recommended to add 20 grams of coffee powder, gouache ratio at 1:17, first into 83 degrees hot water 100g, stir three to five times to make coffee powder fully wetting, static for 20s, add remaining hot water to 240g, rest for 40s, stir for 5s, wait until 1 minute 50 seconds up and down pressure, the total time is 2 minutes 5 seconds.

[siphon] Flavor: round, full-bodied, herbs and bitterness, accompanied by caramel sweetness

1. Selection of utensils: Hario siphon pot

two。 The temperature of the water: 90 degrees

3. Thickness of powder: small Fuji grinding degree 3.5

4. Depth of baking: medium and deep baking

5. Length of steaming time: 30 seconds

Specific techniques: side-fired extraction, it is recommended that 20 grams of powder for 2 parts, gouache ratio at 1:12, water scale 2, add powder after use, drop powder after blistering, stir 4-5 times, extract for about 30 seconds, and finally, stir 2 times, wait for the coffee liquid to fall freely.

[French pressure] Flavor: balanced, mellow, good texture and fat, with a little sweetness

1. Selection of utensils: French pressure kettle

two。 The temperature of the water: 85 degrees

3. Thickness of powder: small Fuji grindability 4.5

4. Depth of baking: medium and deep baking

5. Length of steaming time: 2 minutes and 30 seconds

Specific techniques: 20g coffee beans, hot water (about 92-93 ℃) into the kettle, until the kettle body marked capacity 300ml water, start timing, pressure kettle lid on the lid, the filter can stop at the highest place, wait two and a half minutes. Press the filter to the bottom

Summary:

Recommend [hand] and [Philharmonic pressure] methods to show Mantenin's rich and glycolic flavor, siphon and pressure methods, it is easier to cause over-extraction, but once over-exquisite, you can only taste sour and bitter flavor.