The present situation of coffee industry in South Africa _ where is the coffee in Africa? what is the taste of coffee in South Africa?

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Coffee consumption in Africa has increased greatly, such as Kenya and Uganda have established their own coffee culture and become a new territory of coffee, but they also face the new challenge of self-sufficiency.

■ While local and international coffee roasters are now looking at the growth potential, the question is whether the continent can grow enough coffee to satisfy its own consumers.

On the African continent, coffee beans have been used as a cash crop for years, but they are mostly exported. Domestic demand has always been very low. In Kenya and Uganda, people tend to drink cheaper tea. However, demand for coffee in Africa grew by 20 per cent between 2009 and 2014, according to Euromonitor, a consumer research institute. Responding to the results, David Barry, a commodity trader in Uganda, said that the growth of domestic coffee consumption and the establishment of a coffee culture were extremely beneficial to producing countries, and that "farmers can have a better understanding of quality."

A strong domestic market can protect coffee-producing countries from international price shocks and demand fluctuations. In recent years, coffee prices have been affected by changes in production in Brazil, the world's largest producer, like a roller coaster. The price of Arabica beans, the country's main producer, rose to $2.29 a pound last year but fell to $1.16 in September.

Kenya's consumption surged 46% in five years

Roberio Oliveira Silva, chief executive of the International Coffee Organization (ICO), points out that coffee consumption in countries such as Cameroon, C ô te d'Ivoire, Kenya and Uganda has increased in recent years as a result of the rise of the urban middle class, and coffee consumption in the country surged 46 per cent between 2010 and 2014, according to Kenya Coffee Trading.

Uganda's demand for coffee has also soared. "the number of people who can afford coffee is increasing, and sales are increasing," said Maraka, project manager of the African Fine Coffee Organization. Coupled with the fact that doctors dispel the myth about the health effects of drinking coffee, Maraka said, "Ten years ago, there were no coffee shops in Kampala, the capital of Uganda. Now there are 30 to 40, all serving premium coffee."

Even so, coffee consumption in African countries is still low compared with Italy and Brazil. According to ICO estimates, Italy drinks an average of 5.8kg of coffee per person per year, while Brazilians drink 6.2kg per person per year, compared with 2.5kg in Ethiopia, 1.28kg in Madagascar and 0.8kg in C ô te d'Ivoire.

The potential of coffee consumption in Africa has been recognized by local and international coffee merchants, but the question is, can coffee on the continent be self-sufficient?

Coffee beans grown in Africa are famous for their fruity and complex flavor. From 1965 to 1988, eight African countries ranked among the top 20 coffee producers in the world, but now only four countries remain in the top 20. African coffee beans are one of the most refined varieties in the world, but production has fallen sharply in all coffee-producing countries with the exception of Uganda and Ethiopia.

According to ICO research, the key is productivity. Ethiopia produces 13 bags of 60kg coffee beans per hectare each year, while Uganda produces 12 bags, compared with 50 to 60 bags in Brazil and nearly 40 bags in Vietnam.

Great reduction of farmland threatens output

Another challenge for African producing countries is rapid urbanization and land appreciation, which has led many producers to sell their farmland as a result of surging domestic real estate demand and volatile international coffee prices. In the city of Kiambu, northeast of the Kenyan capital, Nairobi, Belgian coffee company Socfinaf has sold 13500 hectares of agricultural land to construction companies, of which nearly 2000 hectares have been used for housing construction, which can accommodate 80, 000 households.

Even in the face of these difficulties, experts remain optimistic about coffee production in Africa. They believe that as long as small farmers improve their expertise in planting and processing, yields can be increased tenfold. Barry pointed out that Uganda's annual increase of two bags per hectare is a feasible goal in the future.

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