Introduction to the Flavor and Taste production area of Coffee Bean of Coffee Variety in Chilmel Manor, Rwanda

Clans began to form kingdoms in the 15th century, and in 1700 there were eight kingdoms in Rwanda. The Kingdom of Rwanda, ruled by the Tutsi "Nyiginya" clan, grew gradually in the mid-18th century and reached its peak under the rule of King Kigali IV in the 19th century.

Between 700 BC and 1500 AD, some Bantu groups moved to Rwanda to destroy forests and open up wasteland to grow crops.

In the 16th century, the Tutsi established a feudal kingdom.

In 1884, the Berlin West Africa Conference assigned the territory to the German Empire as part of German East Africa, marking the beginning of the colonial era in Rwanda.

In 1890, it was reduced to a "German East African protectorate". It was appointed by Belgium after World War I. It was changed to Belgium's "trusteeship" after World War II.

In 1935, Belgium introduced a new identity card system, which would indicate whether the witnesses were Tutsi, Hutu, Twa or naturalized.

On July 1, 1962, independence was declared and a republic was established.

On July 5, 1973, the second Republic was established.

In October 1990, a civil war broke out between the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a Tutsi refugee organization living in Uganda, and Hutu government forces.

In June 1991, a multi-party system was implemented.

On August 4, 1993, the Romanian government and AFP signed a peace agreement in Arusha, Tanzania, deciding to end the civil war.

The civil war broke out again after Hutu President Habyarimana was killed in a plane crash on April 6, 1994, resulting in a massacre in which nearly one million people were killed.

On July 19, 1994, Ailen won a military victory and seized power.

At the end of 2009, Rwanda officially became a new member of the Commonwealth. It was the second non-British colonial country after Mozambique to join the Commonwealth and the 54th member of the Commonwealth.

Rwanda, located in the southern equator of central Africa, is a landlocked country, bordered by Tanzania to the east, Burundi to the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west and Uganda to the north. The territory is mountainous, known as "the country of a thousand hills". The divide between the Congo River and the Nile River runs through western Luanda from north to south.

Rwanda's economy is dominated by agriculture. The population engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry accounts for 92% of the country's population. The main cash crops are coffee, tea and cotton. Because it is an agricultural and animal husbandry country, coupled with the loss of many young workers caused by the genocide in 1994, it is a huge blow to a country that is not already rich, and Rwanda is still a backward country. After the civil war, Rwanda has intensified its development in the cultivation and trade of coffee. In recent years, the Rwandan government has also taken positive measures to set up coffee production cooperatives in various places to give technical guidance and financial support to farmers. It is expected that the domestic economic development can be promoted to a certain extent through the coffee industry. Because of the excellent performance of Rwandan coffee in recent years, it is becoming more and more popular in the international market.

Rwanda has been growing coffee since colonial times. Although the crops are mainly coffee, the quality of coffee produced in Rwanda is not outstanding, and its status in the coffee world is low, and few people pay attention to it. Most of the coffee varieties grown in Rwanda are bourbon. Rwanda, known as the "country of a thousand hills", has a high-altitude mountain environment, fertile volcanic soil and abundant precipitation, and has a climate conducive to the growth of coffee trees. The advantages of varieties and excellent natural conditions should have produced high-quality coffee, but why the quality of its coffee performance is not satisfactory? The reason lies in the later stage of processing. Improper handling will reduce the quality of coffee and sacrifice a lot of good flavor in vain. Harvesting, planting, treatment, grading, transportation and other links will directly affect the quality of raw coffee beans, in which the lack of control in a certain link will become a stumbling block to good coffee.

The coffee fruit needs to be transported to the processing plant as soon as possible after picking, but due to the lack of domestic facilities, it is unable to deal with the fruit at the first time. The fruits are piled up after being picked, which will continue to develop and accelerate mildew and decay due to lack of ventilation. Rotten fruits will affect the quality of coffee and show defective flavor.

In recent years, Rwanda has made great progress in the production and processing of coffee. First of all, coffee fruits are picked manually; coffee production cooperatives are set up all over the country to provide technical guidance to coffee farmers; coffee farmers send them to coffee processing stations for cleaning and screening as soon as possible after picking, and select mature and high-quality coffee fruits for processing.