A brief introduction to the planting of fine coffee beans in Berman Manor, geographical location, climate and altitude

Kenya is divided into seven provinces (PROVINCE) and one provincial special district (Nairobi province). The following provinces are divided into districts (DISTRICT), townships (DIVISION) and villages (LOCATION). Under the new constitution, the four-tier administrative structure will be changed to the central and county (COUNTY) levels. The 47 counties established under the new constitution will be officially operational after the 2013 general election.

The seven provinces are: central Kenya (Central Province), Coastal Province (Coast Province), Eastern Kenya Province (Eastern Province), Nyanza Province (Nyanza Province), Rift Valley Province (Rift Valley Province), Western Kenya Province (Western Province) and North-East Kenya Province (North Eastern Province). [3]

The capital

Nairobi, with an area of 648 square kilometers, 1680 meters above sea level and a population of 3 million, is the political, economic, cultural, industrial and transportation center of the country. it has been designated as the capital since 1907 and is one of the international cities in Africa.

Kenya has a total population of 41.8 million (2013), with a population growth rate of 2.7 per cent. There are 42 ethnic groups in the country, including Kikuyu (17%), Lucia (14%), Kalenjin (13%), Luo (10%) and Kangba (10%). In addition, there are a small number of Indians and Palestinians, Arabs and Europeans. [5]

Geographic environment editing

Location domain

Kenya is 5.82646 billion square kilometers across the equator, bordered by Somalia to the east, Ethiopia and the Republic of South Sudan to the north, Uganda to the west and Tanzania to the south. The southeast is bordered by the Indian Ocean, with a coastline of 536 kilometers. [3]

Topography

The coastal areas are plains, and most of the rest are plateaus with an average elevation of 1500 meters. Great Rift Valley

The east branch cuts the plateau north and south, dividing the highland into east and west parts. The bottom of the Great Rift Valley is 450 murmur1000 meters below the plateau and 100 kilometers wide, with lakes of varying depths and many volcanoes standing. The north is desert and semi-desert, accounting for about 56% of the country's total area. Mount Kenya in the central highlands is 5199 meters above sea level, the highest peak, the second highest in Africa, and the summit is covered with snow all the year round. The extinct Wagagai volcano is 4321 meters above sea level.

Hydrology

There are many rivers and lakes, and the largest rivers are the Tana River and the Galana River. The west is bordered by Lake Victoria, the largest lake in Africa. [3]

Climatic change

Located in the tropical monsoon area, most areas belong to the savanna climate, the coastal areas are hot and humid, and the plateau climate is mild. The rainy season is from March to June and from October to December, and the rest is dry season. The annual rainfall decreases from 1500 mm to 200mm from southwest to northeast. Nairobi, the capital, has a mild climate, with an average annual temperature of 17.7C, and the annual rainfall of 1049 mm should not be underestimated by Kenyan small farmers, who are no less ant soldiers, with an overall production capacity higher than that of large farms, which is about 6: 4, which is quite rare in bean-producing countries. Kenyan coffee is widely appreciated by connoisseurs, thanks in large part to small farmers guarding the foothills and producing high-quality coffee. In addition, Kenya beans must have a strict grading system. Coffee beans taken out by washing plants are divided into seven grades according to size, shape and hardness, the highest is AA or AA+, followed by AB, PB, C, TT, T. This grading system is similar to Colombia, mainly in terms of particle size and shape, but it does not necessarily have the best flavor. This is what coffee fans should know.

The flavor of Kenyan beans is very different from that of Brazilian beans. Brazilian coffee is planted at a low altitude, with soft texture and no obvious sour taste. In contrast, Kenyan coffee trees are mainly concentrated on the slopes near Mount Kenya, about 4 to 6500 feet above sea level, which is suitable for coffee beans to develop their flavor, because the mountain temperature is lower and the growth is slower, and the aromatic components of coffee beans are fully developed. the acidity of the fruit is more obvious and the texture is harder. In addition, Kenya was an early British colony, and the British had established a set of perfect cultivation and quality control system. After Kenya became independent, the coffee industry was built on its existing foundation.

Kenya Kenya Coffee Kenya Kenya is the origin of Arabica coffee trees in Ethiopia to the north, but it was not until the beginning of the 20th century that coffee cultivation began. In the 19th century, missionaries introduced Arabica trees from Yemen, but did not plant them in large quantities. It was not until 1893, when Brazil's ancient bourbon coffee seeds were introduced, that coffee was cultivated on a large scale. The current Kenya Kenyan coffee is of Brazilian origin, and the taste of Kenya Kenyan beans is very different from that of Brazilian beans due to differences in water, climate and handling. Brazilian coffee is planted at a low altitude, with soft texture and no obvious sour taste. In contrast, Kenyan coffee trees are mainly concentrated on the slopes near Mount Kenya, about 4 to 6500 feet above sea level, which is the most suitable for coffee beans to develop their flavor, because the mountain temperature is lower and the growth is slower, and the aromatic components of coffee beans are fully developed. the acidity of the fruit is more obvious and the texture is harder. In addition, Kenya was an early British colony, and the British had established a set of perfect cultivation and quality control system. After the independence of Kenya, the coffee industry has made great strides on the existing basis, becoming the industry that earns the most foreign exchange in Kenya.

The Senate is composed of the President of the Senate and 68 senators, including 47 elected members (1 from each county), 16 female members (designated according to the proportion of seats in each political party in the Senate), 2 young members (1 male and 1 female), and 2 members representing persons with disabilities (1 male and 1 female). The Senate Speaker and the Deputy Senate Speaker are nominated by each party from non-members and members of its own party respectively, and are elected by the entire Senate. The main functions of the Senate are to represent the interests of the counties and military governments, to participate in the legislation of Parliament on county affairs, to consider and pass bills relating to county affairs, to consider and adopt plans for the distribution of national taxes in the counties, and to supervise the financial expenditure of the county government. impeach the president and vice president. The speaker of the Senate is Esuro of the Jubilee Alliance. [5]

The government

Implement the presidential system. The cabinet is composed of 26 members, including the President, the Vice President, ministers and the Attorney General. The current cabinet was established in June 2013 and is composed of the President, the Vice President, ministers and the Attorney General. The cabinet list is as follows: president Uhuru Kenya Tower (Uhuru Kenyatta), Vice President William Luto (William Ruto), Minister of Internal Affairs and Central Government Coordination Joseph Ranku (Joseph Lenku), Minister of decentralization and Planning Anne Vaiguru (female, Anne Waiguru), Defense Minister Rachel Omamo (female, Raychelle Omamo), Foreign Minister Amina Mohamed (female) Amina Mohamed, Minister of Education (Jacob Kaimenyi), Secretary of Finance Henry Rotich (Henry Rotich), Minister of Health James Macharia (James Macharia), Minister of Transport and Infrastructure Michael Camau (Michael Kamau), Minister of Environment, Water and Natural Resources Judy Wakhongu (female, Judi Wakhungu), Minister of Land, Housing and Urban Development Charity Ngiru (female) Charity Ngilu), Minister of Information, Communications and Technology Fred Marty Angie (Fred Matiang') I), Hassan Arero, Minister of Sports, Culture and Art, Samwel Kambi, Minister of Labour, Social Security and Services, Davis Chirchir, Minister of Energy and Oil, Felix Kosgey, Minister of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, Adan Mohammed Mohamed, Minister of industrialization and Enterprise Development, East African Affairs, Phyllis Candy, Minister of Commerce and Tourism (female) Phyllis Kandie), Minister of Mining Najib Bharara (Najib Balala) and Attorney General Githu Muigai

Kenya is bordered to the north by Ethiopia, the origin of Arabica coffee trees, but it was not until the beginning of the 20th century that coffee cultivation began. In the 19th century, missionaries introduced Arabica trees from Yemen, but did not plant them in large quantities. It was not until 1893 that coffee was cultivated on a large scale after the introduction of Brazil's ancient bourbon seeds. That is to say, Kenyan coffee was of Brazilian origin. Due to differences in water, climate and treatment methods

There are two types of coffee farms in Kenya. One is a large plantation that covers an area of more than five acres, but the average elevation is low. In the case of Kenyan coffee, the coffee beans of the large farms are of medium quality. The best Kenyan beans come from small farms, most of which are located in the foothills or volcanic slopes above 5,000 to 6,000 feet. Each small farmer has a capacity of only 20 to 70 bags per season and cannot afford to invest in expensive washing plants, but small farmers are very United. Hundreds or thousands of households are gathered to set up a cooperative farm, which is funded by the government to build a washing treatment plant, and the coffee fruits picked by small farmers are sent to the cooperative farm for unified processing. First remove the half-ripe or rotten fruit, then peel, ferment, decompose the flesh, remove the coffee beans, then dry and polish, the whole process is supervised by the official Coffee Administration, which ensures the quality of Kenyan coffee. The washing technology and high standard quality control of Kenyan beans have always been an example of bean producing countries.