How do you cook fine coffee beans? how much is it? a jin of fine coffee beans are graded.

Coffee beans

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Open classification: Chinese online writers, characters of coffee culture, online writers

Coffee beans are washed and dried, flat beans and round beans. The coffee beans are dark and light in color. Through deep roasting, the coffee beans explode, doubling in volume and reducing their weight by nearly 1 inch 4. In the process of roasting, coffee beans gradually produce volatile flavor oil, so that various flavors can reach a perfect balance. Coffee beans, even in the same producing country, will have subtle effects on the flavor and quality of coffee beans and produce their own characteristics because of the differences in climate, altitude and soil quality in different regions.

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At present, the main tree species are Arabica species, Robsta species and Liberika species.

The different treatment methods of "drying" and "washing" lead to different flavors.

Brazil is the most important coffee producer in the world, accounting for 1% of the world's total coffee output and 3% of the world's total coffee output.

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English name: coffee beans

Foreign language name: Coffee Cherry

How to eat it: chewing to absorb its juice

Produced by: Arabs

Species: Cuban coffee, Brazilian coffee

Watch: Kopi Luwak

Catalogue

1 Overview

2 specifications

3 colors

4 selection

5 production tips

6 production

7 benefits

8 Origin

9 four famous beans

10 classifications

11 categories

12 picking

Production method

13 country of origin and name

Brazil

Blue Mountain

Colombia

Manning

Kona.

Production method

Dry type

Washing type

14 nutritional components

Caffeine

Tannic acid

Fat

Protein

Sugar

Mineral substance

Coffee beans-Overview

Coffee bean atlas

Small and round dark brown coffee beans, quietly emitting a fragrant fragrance in the grinder, injected into the cup showing the beautiful color of amber, these are the three very deep impressions of coffee.

As you explore the history and beauty of coffee, you can also see the coffee trees that are caressed by the tropical sun and whose leaves twinkle. It has a small white flower similar to jasmine, its fruit from green to yellow-green, and finally to red, coffee beans are the seeds in its fruit.

Moreover, if you go to the coffee bean refinery, you will surely see the red pulp called coffee cherry and the fresh and green coffee raw beans with the endocarp and silver skin removed. These are the coffee beans for export.

At present, there are about 60 coffee-producing countries, most of which are located in areas with an elevation of 300 to 400 meters, and sometimes coffee trees are cultivated on highlands with elevations of 2000 to 2500 meters, but those planted on slopes above 1500 meters above sea level are said to be of better quality.

The most suitable conditions for the cultivation of coffee trees are areas with an average annual rainfall of 1500-2000 mm and an average temperature of about 20 degrees.

Coffee is an evergreen plant of the Akanaceae family. If it is wild, it can even grow to more than eight meters. However, in the farm, the height is cut to about two meters to ensure the quality of coffee beans and facilitate management.

At present, the main tree species planted are Arabica species, Robusta species (Carneva species) and Liberika species. It can be subdivided into dozens of varieties, which will be distinguished in production, circulation and trading.

Even in the same producing country, it will have a subtle influence on the flavor and quality of coffee beans and produce their own characteristics because of the differences in climate, altitude and soil quality in different regions. Therefore, according to the variety, origin, brand, there will be different attributes; therefore, it is impossible to describe the characteristics of a country's coffee beans in one sentence!

Coffee beans-specifications

Washed coffee beans

a. Washing / non-washing

Washing type: in the sink, after rubbing with water and utensils, the pulp and colloid are removed and dried, which is called washing coffee bean with uniform quality.

Non-washing type: after the sun is naturally dried, the pulp and peel is removed by a sheller, and its quality is unstable.

b. Flat beans / round beans

The fruit of coffee consists of two oval seeds opposite each other. The connecting side of each other is a flat joint, which is called flat bean. But there is also a round seed called a round bean, which tastes no different. Ripe and red coffee cherries have multiple structures. In the middle is the predecessor of the coffee bean, the light green seed.

Generally speaking, the fruit of coffee is made up of two oval seeds opposite each other. The side that connects with each other is a flat joint, so it is called flat bean. But some are made up of a round seed, and its taste is no different.

c. The size of coffee beans

Filter number (mesh no.)

Flat bean

20-19 large, 18 large, 17 quasi-large, 16 ordinary, 15 medium, 14 small, 13-12 extra-small

Round bean

13-12 big, 11 quasi-big, 10 normal, 9 medium, 8 small

d. Altitude

According to the elevation of the cultivated land, it can be divided into three, four, seven and other grades. Generally speaking, the quality of highland beans is better than that of lowland beans, and the price is higher because of the increase in freight.

Grade name elevation (m)

1 special grade beans 1.500 ~, 2 high grade beans 1.200 × 1.500, 3 medium beans 1.000 × 1.200, 4 grade water washed beans 900 × 1.000, 5 grade water washed beans 760 × 900, 6 special grade water washed beans 610 × 760, 7 excellent water washed beans ~ 610

e. Quality

According to the statistical method, the type and quantity of dopants contained in a certain amount of samples are converted into percentage "defect number", and the basis for determining the quality class is that the smaller the defect number is, the higher the quality is.

f. Taste

Brazil, Haiti, Kenya, say and other countries all have their own taste testing methods, which can be exported only after taste testing.

From harvest to shipment

Coffee beans

After harvest, the fruit must be removed from the outer skin, pulp, endocarp and silver skin before being shipped to the market. There are two methods: drying (also known as natural method or non-washing) and washing. The dry method is simpler.

First of all, just picked fruit will be widely spread in the sun field for a week or two, until the fruit issued a cracking sound so far, natural drying.

After that, the husker removes the dried pulp, endocarp and silver skin.

Coffee beans refined in this way are slightly sour and bitter. Almost all coffee beans grown in Brazil, Ethiopia, Yemen and other places are obtained in this way. The disadvantage of this method is that it is easily affected by weather and easily mixed with defective beans and other impurities. Therefore, it must be carefully screened.

Another method is washing, that is, the harvested fruit is placed in a flowing tank, after removing the floating fruit, the skin and pulp are removed by a pulp remover. Then put it in the sink and remove the floating pulp. After that, move into the fermentation tank, soak for half a day to a day, and then dissolve the colloid on the surface of the fermented coffee beans. After washing with water, drying for several days, drying with a machine, and finally removing the endocarp with a huller, it becomes a raw coffee bean that can be used as a commodity.

Washable coffee beans have a better color and less impurities. Colombia, Mexico, Guatemala and other countries about 70% of the production of this method.

Sometimes in the fermentation process, if not handled properly, it may emit fermentation odor and its characteristic sour taste; but if handled properly, all kinds of beans can emit their unique coffee aroma.

In order to be able to reach the destination intact, raw coffee beans are packed into sacks and placed in special containers for long-distance merchant trips.

Coffee Bean-Color

An atlas of high quality coffee beans

The color of coffee beans is dark and light. Do you know what it means? A few days ago, at Starbucks'"espresso expert activity", brown fans finally got the hang of it.

Coffee beans range in color from grass green to yellowish orange, light jade cinnamon to dark brown, the most ideal of which is dark brown. Because the longer the high-quality coffee beans are roasted, the more natural volatile oil will be produced and will emerge from the surface, giving off a refreshing aroma, but the weight will also be reduced, which is why many coffee shops choose light roasting. Starbucks espresso roasted coffee, Italian roasted coffee and French roasted coffee use dark brown coffee beans. Through deep roasting, the coffee beans burst, the volume doubled, and the weight was reduced by nearly 1 inch 4. In the process of roasting, coffee beans gradually produce volatile flavor oil, so that various flavors can reach a perfect balance.

Coffee beans are roasted well, and the brewing method is also very important. Espresso is ideal for heavy-flavored deep-roasted coffee beans. It is made by pouring hot water into finely ground coffee beans and boiled under fine ground coffee and pressure rather than gravity. High pressure will completely emulsify the lipids inside the coffee and dissolve it into water, which is the main source of mellow flavor. At the same time, emulsification will make espresso taste thicker, making people drink like velvet, and stickiness will form a lower surface tension, which can invade the taste buds and make mellow reverberate in the mouth. If you want to taste the taste of espresso, it's best to try a rich vanilla latte with espresso as the core.

Coffee beans-Select

Coffee bean atlas

Choose fresh coffee beans. When buying, pay attention to whether the color of the beans and the size of the particles are the same. Good coffee beans are shiny and have a strong aroma without being mixed with peculiar smell. No matter what kind of coffee beans, freshness is an important factor affecting the quality. When shopping, grab one or two coffee beans in your mouth and chew them with a crisp sound (indicating that the coffee is not damp) and the fragrance of the teeth and cheeks is the top grade, but it is best to squeeze it with your hands to feel whether it is solid, rather than buying crispy coffee. If the coffee bean has lost its fragrance or smells stale, it means that the coffee bean is no longer fresh and is not suitable for purchase.

Freshly fried coffee beans are not suitable for immediate consumption and should be stored for a week to completely release the gas from the beans.

Generally speaking, the best drinking period for coffee is a week after stir-frying, when the coffee beans are the freshest and the Aroma taste is the best.

In addition, the purity of coffee beans is also another consideration. The expert candidate for coffee is not necessarily to look at the size of the particles, but to grab a handful of individual coffee beans (RegionalCoffee), about dozens of portions, to see whether the color of each single bean is the same, and whether the particles are similar in size and shape, so as to avoid buying shoddy products disguised as mixed beans. But if it is a synthetic bean (BlendedCoffee), it is a normal phenomenon that the size and color are different. In addition, heavy heat and medium-deep roasting will cause coffee beans to produce oil, but if the lightly roasted beans produce oil, they have gone bad, not only reducing aroma, but also astringent and sour taste. In short, when buying coffee, we should pay attention to its freshness, aroma and whether it is stale or not, and the ideal purchase quantity is to be able to drink it in half a month.

Coffee beans-making tips

Coffee production atlas of individual number

Coffee lovers all know that good coffee beans are the premise of making good coffee, but the correct storage, grinding and preparation is also the key to determine the taste.

1. In order to avoid bitterness, never boil coffee. The ideal temperature should be between 90 ℃ and 96 ℃.

two。 Don't heat the coffee again. It is recommended to determine how much to make according to the amount of drinking each time, and make sure you get fresh coffee every time. The temperature to maintain the best flavor of coffee is 86 ℃.

3. Use fresh, cold water to make. The water content of each cup of coffee is 98%. If there is a strange smell in the water, consider switching to filtered or bottled water.

4. Used coffee powder should not be used again. These coffee residues contain only bitter ingredients.

5. Select the coffee powder with the appropriate grinding degree according to the coffee maker. Because the coffee is ground too fine, it will cause excessive extraction, produce bitterness, or block the coffee maker; if it is ground too coarsely, it will cause the coffee to be as light as water. If a coffee drip filter is used, proper grinding should ensure that the coffee is dripped within 4 minutes.

6. No matter how much coffee is made, it is recommended that the ideal ratio is: every 10 grams (two tablespoons) of coffee powder, with 180 milliliters of water.

7. Keep the coffee on the stove for up to 20 minutes. If it takes too long, the flavor will change. However, if the vacuum flask is used, the flavor can be maintained for a long time.

Coffee beans-production

Washed coffee bean atlas

After harvest, peel, pulp, racing peel and silver peel should be removed before shipping and listing. There are two kinds of methods: drying (also known as natural or non-washing) and washing.

Dry type:

The method is relatively simple. First of all, spread the freshly harvested fruit on the sun field for a week or two until the fruit crackles and dries naturally. After that, the dried pulp, endocarp and silver peel are removed by a sheller.

Coffee beans refined in this way are slightly sour and slightly bitter. All coffee beans from Brazil, Ethiopia, Yemen and other places are obtained in this way. The disadvantage of this method is that it is easily affected by the weather and is easy to be mixed with defective beans and other impurities. Therefore, it must be carefully screened.

Washing type:

The fruit that is about to be harvested is put into a flowing trough. After the floating fruit is removed, the skin and flesh are removed by a pulp remover. Then put it in the sink to remove the emerging pulp. After that, move into the fermentation tank, soak for half a day to a day, and then dissolve the gum on the surface of the fermented coffee beans.

After washing with water, drying it for a few days, drying it with a machine, and finally using a sheller to remove the endocarp to become a commercial raw coffee bean. In this way, it will be more beautiful in color and less impurity than dried coffee beans. Colombia, Mexico, Guatemala and other countries use this method for about 70% of their production.

Coffee beans-benefits

Coffee bean atlas

Coffee does have many uses besides drinking it.

(1) make the milk smell strong: put the coffee with sugar and water in the ice box and put it in the refrigerator. The coffee ice cubes made in this way will make the milk smell rich in cold or hot milk.

(2) roast rabbit meat: add 3 tablespoons of strong coffee to the rabbit meat wine to make the dish more delicious.

(3) except for furniture scratches: dark furniture has scratches, can be dipped in cloth on the coffee, in the scratched part of the wipe, dry, and then use a wet cloth to try to clean. Then apply it once more in accordance with the above method, and after this treatment, the scratches will not stand out.

(4) relieving alcoholism: coffee has a strong effect of excitement, cardiotonic, diuresis and antialcoholism. When there is a phenomenon of drowsiness after drunkenness, you can use boiled water to soak espresso and drink frequently, which has a better sober effect.

(5) Clean the sink: pour the coffee grounds into the sink and wash them away with water to remove the stench and grease from the drainage pipes.

(6) deodorizing odor: there is a scorched odor in the container, which can be wiped with coffee grounds and cleaned.

(7) drinking beer: add some coffee and a little sugar to the beer to make the beer bitter and sweet.

(8) exfoliating: when taking a bath, the coffee particles are mixed into the bath liquid, and the cutin can be removed by scrubbing the body.

Coffee beans-Origin

Coffee grinder atlas

Legend 1: the Story of the Shepherd

Legend has it that around the tenth century AD, on the Ethiopian plateau of Africa, there was a shepherd named Karl. One day he suddenly looked excited and excited when he saw the goat. He thought it was strange, and then after careful observation, he found that the sheep were excited after eating some kind of red fruit. Carl tasted some curiously, and found that he was refreshed and excited after eating, so he picked some of the incredible red fruit home and distributed it to the locals, so its magical effect spread.

Legend 2: Arab monks

Legend has it that Shek, the chief expelled by his people for crime, was deported from the mountains of Yemen in 1258. Omar, who was exiled to the remote city of Vasaba (in Arabia), when he was walking exhausted on the mountain, he found the birds on the branches making a very sweet cry after pecking at the fruit of the tree. So he boiled the fruit with water, but unexpectedly sent out a rich and attractive fragrance, and the original feeling of exhaustion was eliminated after drinking, full of vitality. Later, Omar collected many of these magical fruits, and when someone got sick, she made the fruit into soup for them to drink, refreshing them. Because he did good everywhere and was loved by believers, his sins were soon forgiven, and when he returned to Mocha, he was revered as a saint for finding this fruit. It is said that the magic cure at that time was coffee.

Coffee beans-four famous beans

Gloria Coffee Atlas

Colorado Coffee (Gloria Jean's Coffees)

Colorado Coffee [1], which originated in the United States, is the number one coffee brand in Australia, with a variety of handmade cold and hot coffee drinks, traditional espresso, sweet and mellow pastries, coffee beans and tea. The coffee beans of Colorado Coffee are the highest quality coffee beans hand-selected from all over the world. These coffee beans selected from all over the world will be shipped to Sydney, Australia, and roasted by the company's advanced technology equipment. In the end, 60 kinds of coffee are baked, which are suitable for different tastes of guests and for different times of the day. All roasted coffee beans will be packed at a given time to ensure their fresh quality.

Blue Mountain Coffee Atlas

Blue Mountain Coffee (Blue Mountain Coffee)

Blue Mountain Coffee is a kind of coffee with high public awareness, which is produced only in the Blue Mountain region of Jamaica in Central America, and only coffee grown in the Blue Mountain area above 1800 meters can be authorized to use the logo of "Jamaica Blue Mountain Coffee (Blue Mountain Coffee)", accounting for 15% of the total production of Jamaica Blue Mountain Coffee. Coffee grown between 457m and 1524 m above sea level is called alpine coffee, and coffee grown between 274m and 457m above sea level is called Jamaican coffee. Blue Mountain Coffee has mellow, bitter slightly sweet, soft and smooth characteristics, and slightly sour taste, can make the taste more sensitive, taste its unique taste, is the best of coffee.

Kopi Luwak atlas

Kopi Luwak (Kopi Luwak)

Kopi Luwak is a recently invented coffee, produced in Indonesia, coffee beans are one of the civets' food range, but the coffee beans cannot be completely digested by the digestive system. The coffee beans are fermented in the civets' intestines and stomach and excreted by feces. The local people take out the coffee beans in the civet feces and then do the processing, that is, the so-called "cat shit" coffee, this coffee has a unique taste and different taste. However, people who are used to this taste will never forget it for a lifetime. Due to the gradual deterioration of the wild environment, the number of civets is also slowly decreasing, resulting in a very limited output of this kind of coffee. People who can taste this coffee are very lucky.

Amber Coffee Atlas

Cubita (amber coffee)

It is all produced in the Crystal Mountain of Cuba and also has a high reputation in the coffee industry. Cuban Crystal Mountain Coffee ranks among the top in the world. Crystal Mountain is adjacent to the Blue Mountain Mountains of Jamaica, with similar climatic conditions, which is comparable to the Blue Mountain Coffee of Jamaica. Cubita adheres to the principle of perfect coffee, only making individual coffee, picking coffee beans by hand, plus washing coffee beans to ensure the quality of coffee. Cubita is like an elegant princess, with the characteristics of nobility, tenderness and grace. The balance is excellent, the bitter taste and the sour taste are well matched, and there will be a delicate, smooth, fresh and elegant feeling in the taste. The designated coffee at the Cuban embassy is called the unique Caribbean flavor coffee.

Jazz Island Coffee [2] Atlas

JAZZ ISLAND (jazz island coffee)

Jazz Island Coffee inherits the essence of European coffee culture, integrates the thousand-year-old coffee culture into the century-old royal demeanor of "Jazz Island", and has a long-standing relationship with the chivalry culture prevailing in medieval Europe. The legendary love classic between Earl Knight and aristocratic princess from Jazz Island gives Jazz Island Coffee President entrepreneurial inspiration, which begins to publicize the rich French cultural tradition and inherit the essence of European culture. Its brand image has also become a famous cultural landscape.

Coffee beans-Classification

Botanical classification of coffee beans