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Approval criteria: inscribed on the World Heritage list in 1979 according to Cultural Heritage selection criteria C (ii) (iii) (iv)

Antigua Guatemala (Old Guatemala City), located near the summit of the Agua and Fuego volcanoes. The center of the area is threatened by the earthquake. The city was founded in 1543 and has administrative functions. When PedordeAlvorado of Alvaradou was sent by Cort to Guatemala to establish the capital, SantiagodeMayor, the Mayans had obeyed Aztec rule. Three years later, the Spaniards abandoned the city because of local violence.

Editor of development history

Rise

In 1527, the capital was re-established in Almolonga. The city was destroyed by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions in 1541. Then there is a series.

Antigua Guatemala

Antigua Guatemala

A series of earthquakes with destructive power. In 1543, SantiagodeMayor was rebuilt in what is now Antigua Guatemala. In the years that followed, it became the center of the port director's office activities, and its scope extended to the whole of Central America. Antonelli outlined the first urban plan. In 1590, the city was rebuilt after another earthquake. During the 17th century, the city's architecture was built on the inspiration of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The plan of Juan Bautista Antonelli (JuanBautistaAntonelli), who is also in charge of the design of fortifications in Catanach, Havana, San Juan and Puerto Rico, fits the grid perpendicular to each other.

reconstruction

In 1590, the city was rebuilt after another earthquake. During the 17th century, the architecture of the city was inspired by the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

Antigua Guatemala

Antigua Guatemala

get up. Another earthquake in 1717 led to a building boom. In 1775 the Spanish authorities decided to rebuild the capital of Guatemala. He is based on four basic points in the east-west direction. The square and the passage of Antigua and Guatemala are carefully designed, borrowing some features from the Renaissance as a whole. The overall elements of a straight-line urban grid are persistent.

Evolution

The architectural landscape of this small colonial town of more than 50 hectares is dominated by 18th-century baroque churches and monasteries. The city as a whole was rebuilt with several successive earthquakes, the city has the appearance of a defensive fortress, the walls are thick, and the towers are low and very colorful. Guatemala City (GuatemalaCity), the capital of Guatemala, the national economic and cultural center. In the southern volcanic area of the plateau, 1493 meters above sea level. The population is 2 million (1988).

Geographic environment editing

Antigua Guatemala is located in central Central America, built in the Panchoy Valley, 1500 meters above sea level, near Agua and Fu.

Antigua Guatemala

Antigua Guatemala

The summit of Mount Fuego.

108889 square kilometers, located in the north of Central America, bordering Mexico, Belize, Honduras and El Salvador. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the south and the Gulf of Honduras in the Caribbean Sea to the east, bordering Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras and Belize on land. 2/3 of the territory consists of mountains and plateaus. There are Kuchu Matanes Mountains in the west, Madre Mountains in the south, volcanic belts in the west and south, with more than 30 volcanoes. Tahumurco volcano is 4211 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Central America. Earthquakes are frequent. There are Petten lowlands in the north. There are narrow coastal plains on the Pacific coast. The major cities are mostly distributed in the intermountain basins in the south. Located in the tropics, the northern and eastern coastal plains have a tropical rain forest climate, and the southern mountains have a subtropical climate. The year is divided into two dry and wet seasons, with wet seasons from May to October and dry seasons from November to April of the following year. The annual precipitation is 2000-3000 mm in the northeast and 500-1000 mm in the south. Forests account for half of the country's area, especially in the lowlands of Peteng, which are rich in valuable wood such as mahogany. Mineral deposits include lead, zinc, nickel, copper, gold, silver, oil and so on.

The northern lowland plain Peten is a tropical rain forest, the central highlands have volcanoes of up to 4200 meters, and the narrow and fertile flatlands on the banks of the Pacific Ocean have a tropical climate. The central plateau is also the cultural center of Guatemala, where temperatures are mild all year round at an altitude of 1300 to 1800 meters, with daily temperatures between 18 and 28 degrees Celsius, and higher levels tend to be colder in January and February. Guatemala City, the capital of Guatemala, is also here. With 2.5 million residents, it is the largest city in Guatemala. Tourist centers include Lake Attila, the old capital of Old Guatemala, the ancient Mayan city of Tikal and some other famous cities such as Kesaltnango and Chichikas de Nango. Population 12.6 million (2007). It has the largest population and the highest proportion of indigenous peoples in Central America, with Indians accounting for 53 per cent, Indo-Europeans accounting for 45 per cent and whites accounting for 2 per cent. The official language is Spanish, as well as 23 native languages such as Maya. 75% of the residents are Catholic and 25% are Protestant.

Resource status editing

Guatemala City (GuatemalaCity), the national economic and cultural center. In the southern volcanic area of the plateau, 1493 meters above sea level. Population 200

Antigua Guatemala

Antigua Guatemala

Ten thousand (1988), the largest city in Central America. Founded in 1524. Due to repeated damage by the earthquake, he moved to his present site in 1776. How low buildings are in the city. It has been the capital since 1779. It was the capital of the Central American Federation from 1823 to 1838. A distribution center for coffee, corn, wheat and other agricultural products. Has more than half of the country's industries, mainly cement, wood processing, textile, tobacco, food processing and so on. Transportation hub, the railway to the northeast and southwest to the port of Barrios and San Jose respectively. There are universities (founded in 1676), academies of sciences, museums and so on. The Central American Common Market is headquartered here. There are monuments of Mayan culture on the outskirts of the city.

Guatemala is one of the centers of Mayan culture of ancient Indians. It was colonized by Spain in 1524. In 1527, Spain set up a governor's palace in danger to govern Central America except Panama. On September 15, 1821, he was freed from Spanish colonial rule and declared his independence. It became part of the Mexican Empire from 1822 to 1823. He joined the Union of Central America in 1823. After the disintegration of the Union in 1838, it became an independent country again in 1839. Guatemala proclaimed the establishment of a republic on March 21, 1847.

This was followed by a series of destructive earthquakes. In 1543, Santiago de Mayor was rebuilt in Antigua and Guatemala. Another earthquake in 1717 led to a building boom. During this period, a large number of important buildings were rebuilt. Another earthquake in 1775 left the city in ruins.

In 1775 the Spanish authorities decided to rebuild the capital of Guatemala. The plan of Juan Bautista Antonili (Juan Bautista Antonelli) (who is also in charge of the design of fortifications in Katanagh, Havana, San Juan and Puerto Rico) fits the grid perpendicular to each other.

Architectural feature editing

style of art

Antigua Guatemala is the birthplace of the famous baroque (Barroco Antigueno) art style and has spread to Latin America. It outputs

Antigua Guatemala

Antigua Guatemala

Religious works of art to Spain. The capital provides unique evidence of American colonial cities in the Baroque era. Antigua provides an example of overall architectural excellence in the 18th century and leads to precise archaeological sites that outline the context of daily life.

World Heritage list

Antigua Guatemala, located in the southern province of Zacatepex, is about 40 kilometers southwest of the capital Guatemala City. In 1979, UNESCO listed Antigua and Guatemala as a cultural heritage on the World Heritage list. Antigua Guatemala has two parts: the old city and the new city. The old city was founded in 1524. After the establishment of the district of Guatemala, it became its capital in the 17th century. As a result of repeated earthquake damage, in 1776, a new city was built 40 kilometers northeast of the city, that is, Guatemala City, the capital of Guatemala. After the reconstruction of Antigua Guatemala, it still embodies the style and features of Spanish colonial cities.

Baroque

Antigua Guatemala, like Mexico City, was once the political and military center of Spanish colonial rule. The central square of the city is called "National Engineering Square". There are checkerboard roads on all sides. This layout has the characteristics of a typical Spanish colonial city at that time. There are many beautifully decorated baroque buildings around the central square, with city hall buildings and two-story corridors supported by solid columns on the north side of the square. The famous Franciscans monastery is a baroque building with spiral columns on both sides of its gate. Antigua Guatemala was devastated by the earthquake, with low houses and no high-rise buildings.

Cathedral

Antigua Guatemala Cathedral also stands beside the national factory. The Catholic Church played a great role in the whole process of colonization in Central America. The early cathedral collapsed because of the 1583 earthquake. The reconstruction is extremely luxurious. Then many churches, monasteries and seminary were built in the city. The University of San Carlos was opened in 1678 and became the religious and cultural center of South America. Compared with the size of the city at that time, there are more religious buildings in Antigua and Guatemala, most of which have been destroyed, but the prosperity at that time can be seen from the porches of the remaining buildings.

Specialty editor

Coffee

Guatemala is geographically located in the tropics, but due to the relatively high altitude, the climate is mild, it is a subtropical climate. Under the influence of this climate, coffee trees blossom and bear fruit more slowly than coffee trees in other parts of the world. Its mild climate and fertile soil make it an excellent environment for growing coffee. Connoisseurs call this coffee the best and most distinctive coffee in the world. Features: strong, satisfying, medium to high acidity, high density, with a wonderful smoky taste.

The volcano once destroyed the once-prosperous capital in an instant, robbing it of all its prosperity and beauty overnight. After this subversive mountain city, the splendor of more than 200 years has disappeared, and Antigua has never swaggered. After being dull, Antigua is now run by the last remaining Indians. These hardworking Indians became later coffee producers. They not only discovered the rich and attractive unique smell of Antigua coffee, but also brought it to people all over the world. Today, Antigua coffee enjoys a reputation as the best quality coffee in the world and is praised by coffee connoisseurs as the best and most distinctive coffee in the world. Drinking pure Antigua coffee from Guatemala and playing a South American folk song, your thoughts can be pulled far away as far as you have never seen before. The wise Mayans who once existed in the land of Guatemala, after a day's work under coffee trees we have never seen before, they enjoyed authentic Guatemalan coffee after dinner and watched the sunset fade into the sea level.

Guatemalan coffee has a strong aroma, even if you don't drink it, just smelling it is already a pleasure. Antigua coffee has a rich and velvety mellow, rich and lively aroma, and fine sour taste. When the attractive fragrance lingers on the tip of your tongue, there is an indescribable mystery. You may feel dull at the first sip, but as the coffee cools down, you will find it slightly sweet and be surprised by its depth.

Antigua coffee is popular with most coffee lovers only because of its distinctive aroma. Because it is planted in the hills of volcanoes, it can retain its own characteristics more than Costa Rica, the main reason is that it has more geographical and climatic advantages than Costa Rica. Guatemala is located in the tropics, but the mild climate and fertile soil make it an excellent environment for growing coffee.

The coffee industry, run by the Mayans, once boomed Guatemala's economy and dominated the national economy. Unfortunately, the political situation in Guatemala is not good for these coffee growers. High output is usually a sign of a country's overall economic prosperity. However, coffee production in Guatemala has declined relatively, at 700kg per hectare, compared with 900kg per hectare in El Salvador and 1700 kg per hectare in Costa Rica. Guatemalan coffee exports are controlled by private companies, but the National Coffee Commission controls other sectors of the coffee industry. At present, some of the best quality coffee from Guatemala is exported to Japan, where each cup of coffee sells for $3 to $4. In order to revitalize its coffee industry, Guatemala has specially set up a special coffee association and gives maximum funding and attention to these high-quality coffees. these efforts will soon bear fruit, and the real beneficiaries are not only coffee growers, but also coffee lovers all over the world.